B

Depression

Low self-esteem is a symptom of depression, and depression can be a symptom of another illness. 

B

Depression Symptoms

If depression symptoms are present, the person should contact the doctor to diagnose the kind of depression and find a treatment.

B

Daily Steps

• Pay attention to your own needs/wants
• Take care of yourself
• Finish something you've been putting off
• Dress in clothes that make you feel good
• Learn something new
• Make meals a "special" time

B

From negative to positive thoughts

Negative thoughts generated from many different sources can clog up people's thinking. They adivse you to jot down all of the negative thoughts, to see if they are true. Then, replace these thoughts with positive thoughts to repeat to yourself everytime you have a negative thought. 

B

Examples of positive thoughts

"I am worthless" changes to "I am a very valuable person."

"I have never accomplished anything" changes to "I have accomplished many things."

B

Activities to help build self-esteem

• Make lists
• Create a positive self-image
• Exercise

C

Self-esteem defined

C

Donely, Anne, and Beth Keen. "Self-Esteem Issues." Not My Kid. Not My Kid, n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. .

This source defines a low self-esteem and its causes. It also explains low selef-esteem through each developmental stage.

C

Self esteem defined

"Self-esteem refers to how children feel about themelves and expect to be accepted and valued by others who are important to them... A healthy self-esteem is crucial to determine how they will approach life and interact with others."

C

Developmental Process

"It is a life long developmental process whose roots are established in early childhood."

C

Early Childhood Years

• Try to focus on positive suggestions
• This is when they learn to accept their bodies 
• Provide "safe outlets" for the children

C

The Middle Years

• Time to develop social, academic & physical competence
• Refrain from too many chores

C

Adolesence 

Family influences begin to fade, and peers become the significant influence. Teenagers must resist negative temptations set by peers.

This is the age where they strive for independence. 

D

Reasoner, Robert W. "Self-esteem Research." Self Esteem International. Self Esteem International, n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. .

Shows the affects of having a low self esteem - poor academic achievement, drug/alcohol abuse, crime, depression, suicide, eating disorders, teenage pregnancy.

D

Poor Academic Achivement

• Covington (1989) as self-esteem increases, so do test scores. As self-esteem decreases, so do test scores. 
• Conrath (1986) He found that
  self-confidence will emerge with success in skill development and learning.
  Thus, the key point is to help students set meaningful and realistic goals.

D

Alcohol/drug abuse

•  More than 50% of high school seniors in the U.S. report using illicit drugs and 66% report that they are regular users of alcohol; 71% reported getting drunk and 14% appear to be highly involved with drugs on a  regular basis. While a high percentage of youths become involved as a part of the peer social scene, many grow to depend upon drugs or alcohol to fill a personal void.
  

D

Crime & Violence

• Johnson(1977) documented that juvenile delinquents not only had low self-esteem, but that they also had higher feelings of anxiety
• Kelley(1978) reported a direct correlation between delinquency and low self-esteem. He found evidence of a link between increased self-esteem and a reduction of delinquent behavior. He found that as programs were implemented
  to raise the level of self-esteem, the incidence of delinquent behavior was reduced.

D

Depression/Suicide

• closely related to self-esteem
• James Battle - As self esteem rises, depression seems to decline
• self-esteem can be depression antidote
• Developing optimistic thoughts is important

D

Eating disorders

• profile of low self-esteem includes insecurity, negative mood and depression, poor body image, feelings of inadequacy, social and personal withdrawal, poor adaptation skills, and unrealistically high aspirations.
• all traits common in people suffering from eating disorders

D

Teenage Pregnancy

• 1 mil. girls become pregnat every year
• Thought of alternative to powerless & unimportant feelings
• Studies indicate that a typical profile of teenagers who become pregnant include: being a poor or disinterested student, having low self-esteem,lacking basic skills, looking for someone to love her or something to love,and frequently coming from a dysfunctional family or been sexually abused.

E

New, Michelle J. "Body Image and Self-Esteem." Teens Health. Nemours, Mar. 2012. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. <http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_mind/body_image/body_image.html>.

Give helpful hits for for kids, teenagers, and adults about self-esteem and how to deal with it. 

E

Before overcoming self-esteem problems

Find out source of problem - how others see you, and how you see yourself. Both can be dangerous and cause self-esteem problems as adults.

E

Healthy Self-Esteem

When people have a high self-esteem they accept these qualities and know themselves well, thus feeling more in control of their lives

E

Healthy Self-esteems

• comfortable, & accept who they are 
• These people tend to venture out and explore important aspects of growing older such as developing healthy relationships, and becoming more independent 

E

Influences on self-esteem

• puberty & development 
• media
• family & school

F

Interview

"Viola Davis' Battle with Low Self-Esteem." Interview by Oprah Winfrey. Oprah. N.p., 14 Feb. 2012. Web. 13 Nov. 2012. <http://www.oprah.com/own/Viola-Davis-Overcomes-Low-Self-Esteem-Video>.

Oprah interviews Viola Davis who has suffered from low self-esteem for years.

F

Overcoming

"You don't have time. You're on this earth for a dash of time... And for some reason, that reality, and knowing that, it just changed everything. I felt like I don't have time to stay up all night worrying about what someone who doesn't love me, has to say about me. And here's a whole slute of people that i'm devaluing."

F

Overcoming self-esteem

"And even the poeple that have been inspired my watching me, that I can't throw that in the garbage can because someone comes along and says, 'I don't like your work.'"

G

Interview

Morikawa, Jon. Personal interview. 01 Nov. 2012.

G

High School Students

• Many students have low-self esteem issues
• Tends to affect academic performance

H

Website

"Teen Self Esteem - Low Self-Esteem." Family First Aid. Family First Aid, n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. <http://www.familyfirstaid.org/teen-self-esteem.html>.

Gives statistics, facts, and issues on low self-esteem

H

Effects of low self-esteem

having a low self-esteem often results in emotional and mental issues, poor decision-making, and relationship difficulties 

H

High self-esteem results

Making good choices is also affiliated with having a good and healthy self-esteem

I

Website

"11 Facts about Teens and Self-Esteem." Do Something. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. <http://www.dosomething.org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-teens-and-self-esteem>.

Gives facts and statistics about low self-esteem issues in teenagers

I

Low self-esteem defined

Having a low self-esteem can be defined as a thinking disorder in which the individual views them self as inadequate, unworthy, unlovable and/or incompetent 

I

Facts

"Seven in ten girls believe they are not good enough or do not measure up in some way, including their looks, performance in school and relationships with friends and family members."

I

Facts about teenage boys

"Teenage boys can be prone to obsessive exercising, binge eating, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, steroid abuse and diet aid abuse."

J

Academic Journal

Donnellan, Brent, Kali Trzesniewski, Richard Robins, Terrie Moffitt, and Avshalom Caspi. "Low Self-Esteem Is Related to Aggression, Antisocial Behavior, and Delinquency." Low Self-Esteem Is Related to Aggression, Antisocial Behavior, and Delinquency 16.4 (2005): 328-35. Positive Self Esteem. Psychological Science, Apr. 2005. Web. 15 Nov. 2012.

Discusses the controversial link between low self-esteem and agression, antisocial behaivor, and delinquency. 

J

Study 1

A study was done trying to find the connection between low self-esteem and delinquent behaivors. The findings were:

"Delinquent group had lower self-esteem then non-delinquent group on all three self-esteem measures."

  329

J

Study 2 

extended on study 1, found affiliation between low self-esteem and externalizing problems. 

329

J

Study 2 Findings

"Self-esteem negatively correlated with parent and teacher reports of externalizing problems."

330

K

Website

"Suprising Self Esteem Statistics on Dove®." Dove. Dove Research, n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. .

Findings from Dove Reseach about self-esteem in women all around the world. 

K

Surprising facts

• Only 4% of women around the world consider themselves beautiful (up from 2% in 2004) 
• 6 in 10 girls stop doing what they love because they feel bad about their looks

L

Website

"Self-Esteem." CMHC. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. .

Ths source defines self-esteem and compares the effects a low self-esteem and a high self-esteem. It also lists the causes, and tips on how to improve self-esteem. 

L

Developing self-esteem

Experiences during childhood play a large role in the shaping of self-esteem. 

Successes, failures, and how we were treated by our family, teachers, coaches, religious authorities, and peers, all contributed to the creation of our self-esteem.

M

Academic Journal 

Roberts, John, Ian Gotlib, and Jon Kassel. "Adult Attachment Security and Symptoms of Depression: The Mediating Roles of Dysfunctional Attitudes and Low Self-esteem." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70.2 (1996): 310-20.PsycNET. Web. 13 Nov. 2012.

Studdies the relationship between adult attachment secutiry and symptoms of depression.

M

Studdies

Study 1 examined the overall magnitude of the association between adult attachment and depression

Studies 2 and 3 tested whether this relation was mediated by dysfunctional attitudes and low self-esteem

315

M

Findings

"This model suggests that insecure adult attachment styles are associated with dysfunctional attitudes, which in turn predispose to lower levels of self-esteem. Such depletions in self-esteem are directly associated with increases in depressive symptoms over time. Insecure attachment appears to lead to depressive symptoms in adulthood through its impact on self-worth contingencies and self-esteem."

310