Term
1.1 Human Ethics Rules
The six ethics rules for human research are... |
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Definition
| Informed Consent; deception; debriefing; withdrawal; confidentiality; protection from mental/physical harm |
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1.2 Animal Ethics Rules
Three ethics rules when working with animals are... |
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Definition
| minimize stress/suffering; consider other options to animals; minimize the number of animals |
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1.3 Four Debates in Psychology
The four major debates in Psychology are... |
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Definition
| nature/nurture; reductionism/holism; freewill/determinism; idiographic/nomothetic |
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Term
1.4 Reactivity
Reactivity Is... and the five most common versions are... |
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Definition
| 1.4 " a phenonemon that occurs when individuals alter their performance of behavior due to the awareness that they are being observed;
Hawthorne Effect, John Henry effect, experimenter effect, Pygmalion effect, subject-expectancy effect |
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Term
| 2.0 There are two kinds of methodologies for psychological research... |
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Definition
| 2.0 Quantitative And Qualitative. |
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Term
| 2.1 Psychology is the scientific study of ... |
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Definition
| 2.1mental processes and behavior and how these are affected by internal processes and the environment. |
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Term
| 2.0.1 The three building blocks of psychological science are... |
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Definition
| 2.0.1 Theories, empirical studies, Critical Thinking |
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2.0.1a Science components
The three components of a science are... |
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Definition
| 2.0.1a subject matter, goodtheories and hypothesis, scientific methodology |
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2.0.1b Theory Requirements
All theories have three things... |
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Definition
| 2.0.1b Understanding, Prediction, Control |
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2.0.1c Peer Review
The three levels of peer review are... |
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Definition
| 2.0.1c Author, Editors, Reviewers |
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Term
| 2.0.1d When and Where should Psychologists investigate? |
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Definition
2.0.1d WHEN: cross-sectional and longitudinal
WHERE: Cross Cultural |
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Term
2.0.1e Triangulation
The 6 types of triangulation are.... |
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Definition
| 2.0.1e method, time, observer, theory, space, combo |
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Term
2.0.1f Triangulation Advantages
THe four advantages of triangulations are... |
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Definition
| 2.0.1f reduces experimenter bias, better causation models of behavior, reduces method-bound theories, reduces culture-bound theories |
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2.0.1g Complementarity
Complementarity in psychology means... |
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Definition
| 2.0.1g each level of analysis works with the others to come to solid understanding of human behavior |
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2.0.1h Empiricism
Empirical research is... |
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Definition
| 2.0.1h a way of gaining knowledge by means of direct observation or experience |
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Term
2.0.1i Inductive reasoning v deductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning works... while inductive reasoning works... |
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Definition
| 2.0.1i from the more genera to the more specific; the other way, from specific to general |
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Term
| 2.0.2 All psychological research should have ... |
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Definition
| 2.0.2 a purpose(aim), step-by-step process(procedure), and interpretation of collected data(findings). |
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Term
2.0.2a variable investigations
The three methods of investigation variables are |
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Definition
| 2.0.2a experimentation, correlation, non-numerical data research |
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Term
2.0.2b THe scientific method
tHE SCIENTIFic method is... |
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Definition
| 2.0.2b within a paradigm, hypothesis, are derived from theories to be tested in scientific ways, against te world/reality, to support the refute those theories |
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Term
2.0.2c Data recording
The five data recording techniques are... |
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Definition
| 2.0.2c" behavior sampling at time event or single data point; data recording techniques such as frequency grids or rating sacales; Data recording equipment; Quantitative content anlysis; Qualitative content analysis" |
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Term
2.02d- Hypothesis predictions
A hypothesis should be... and a hypothesis can be... |
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Definition
2.0.2d
"Bold , precise and refutable; and experimental hypothesis or a correlational hypothesis" |
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Term
2.0.2e-Two-tailed hypothesisvs on-tailed hypothesis
While a two-tailed hypothesis... a one tailed hypothesis... |
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Definition
2.0.2e
Simply predicts an effect (difference or correlation); predicts a particular direction in the effect (causation, or positive ccorrelation) |
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2.0.2f Sampling Types
The four types of sampling are... |
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Definition
2.0.2f
Random, stratified, opportunity, volunterr |
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2.0.2g- Representative Sampling
A representative sample is... |
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Definition
2.0.2g
A sample that is similar to the population from which it was derived with respect to essential characteristics, allowing researchers to generalize the results obtained witht he sample to the population |
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Term
2.1 Quantitative Methodology
Quantitative research is... |
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Definition
2.1
research focusing on analysis of numerical data |
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Term
2.1.1 Experiment Overvidw
An experiment requires... |
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Definition
2.1.1
a causal relationship |
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Term
2.1.1a Experimental Methods
The four kinds of experiemts are... |
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Definition
2.1.1a
"Lab, field, natural, quasi" |
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Term
2.1.1b Experimenta Design
Psychological use their subjects in three designs... |
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Definition
2.1.1b
Repeated measures, independent measures, matched pairs (Between groups) |
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Term
2.1.2 Quasi -Experiment Overview
A subtype of experiment called quasi-experiment occurs when... |
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Definition
2.1.2
random selection is removed and groups are chosen |
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Term
2.2 Qualitative Methodology
Qualitative research is... |
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Definition
2.2
research focusin on analysis of non-numerical data |
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Term
2.2.1- Observation Overview
Observations are... |
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Definition
2.2.1
Data-collection methods which aim to descrive behavior in an objective way |
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Term
2.2.1a Observation definition
Observations are.. " the precise measurement of naturall |
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Definition
2.2.1a
occuring behavior in an objective way |
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Term
2.2.1b Types of observation
The three types of observations are... |
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Definition
2.2.1b
naturalistic, controlled, participant |
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Term
2.2. Interview, Surveey & Questionnaire Ovberview
Inte2rviews are... while Questionnaires need to be... |
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Definition
2.2.2
socail interaction designed to gather data; able to collect large amounts of data from many people |
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Term
2.2.2a Interview definition
All interviews include... |
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Definition
2.2.2a
direct verbal questioning of the subject by the researcher |
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Term
2.2.2b Kinds of interviews
The four kinds of interviews are... |
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Definition
2.2.2b
Structured, unstructured, semi-structred, clinical
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Term
2.2.2c Questionnaire definition
Questionnaires are... |
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Definition
2.2.2c
written methods of gaining data from subjects that do not necessarily require the presense of a researcher |
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Term
2.2.2d Types of questionnaire
The two types of questionnaires are... |
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Definition
2.2.2d
Opinion surveys and psychological tools |
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Term
2.2.3 Case Study overview
In a case study... |
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Definition
2.2.3
psycholoists study one or more individuals in great depth in the hope of revealing things true of us all |
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Term
2.2.4 Comparison StudiesOverview
Correlation Means... |
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Definition
2.2.4
to show a link between two types of data |
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Term
2.2.4a Positive v Negative correlation
A positive Correlations occurs... whilea negative correlations occurs... |
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Definition
2.2.4a
when one variable increases as another variable increases; when one variable increases as another variable decreases. |
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Term
2.2.5 Unobtrusive measures
Unobtrusive measurea are... and the strength and weaknesses are... |
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Definition
2.2.5
measures that don't require the researcher to intrude in the research context, which reduces the baises that result from the intrustion of the researcher/measurement instrument , but reduces the degree the researcher has control over the type of data collected. |
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Term
2.3 Data analysis in research
BLANK and BLANK are essential to replicable scientific research and the two ways to express data are BLANK |
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Definition
2.3
Reliability, Validity, Descriptive and inferentails statistics |
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Term
2.3.1 Reliability
INternal reliability is... while External reliability is... |
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Definition
2.3.1
" how consistantly a method mesures within itself;... how consistanly a method measures over time when repeated. |
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Term
2.3.2 Validity
Internal validity is... whiole external validity is... |
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Definition
| 2.3.2 Whether a study's results were really due to the variable; whether the results can be generalized if conducted in different environments/participants |
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Term
2.3.3 Types of Validitiy
The five finds of Validity are... |
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Definition
| 2.3.3 Face/content, construct, concurrent, predictive, ecological |
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Term
2.3.4 Levels of Data
The four levels of data are... |
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Definition
| 2.3.4 Nominal, ordinal, ratio, interval |
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Term
2.3.5 Descriptive statistics
Descriptive statistics are split into measures of central tendency such as... and measues of dispersion such as... |
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Definition
| 2.3.5 mean median mode' range, semi-interquartile range, standard deviation |
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Term
2.3.6 Graphs of Descriptive statistics
The 6 types of graphs for descriptive data are... |
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Definition
| 2.3.6 pie chart, histogram, frequency polygon, bar chart, scattergrams, normal distribution |
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Term
2.3.7 Inferential Statistics
Significance is... and the results need to be... |
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Definition
| 2.3.7 that there is a low probability that chance factors were responsible for an out come.... probability is < 0.05 |
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Term
2.3.7 Inferential Statistics
Significance is... and the results need to be... |
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Definition
| 2.3.7 that there is a low probability that chance factors were responsible for an out come.... probability is < 0.05 |
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