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| Bonding theory and electronegativity |
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bonding theory - aka the octet rule - every atom wants to fill its outermost shell to achieve balance
electronegativity - the willingness an atom will bond with another atom |
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| the transferring of an electron(s) between a metal and nonmetal |
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| the sharing of an electron(s) between 2 nonmetal atoms |
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pure substances composed of molecules
have low melting points and boiling points
found in every state (solid,gas,liquid) |
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| The number of particles in a mole |
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| Solution, Solvent, Solute |
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Solution - Homogenous mixture; uniform through the mixture on a molecular scale
Solute - Substance that is dissolved or can be dissolved
ex. salt
Solvent - Substances that dissolves solutes
ex. water |
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| Characteristics of Acids and Bases |
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acids:
-low pH
-dissolve in water
-found in 3 states of matter
-conduct electricity
-blue litmus paper->red
-sour
Bases:
-conduct electricity
-red litmus paper->blue
-bitter
-slippery feel |
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replaces an H with OH
ex. propanol |
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contains a halogen
chloropropane |
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double bond with O and single bond with OH
propanoic acid |
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H replaced by NH2
propanamine or propyl amine |
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H replaced by a double bond with O at the END of compound
propanal |
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H replaced with double bond with O somewhere in the middle
Propanone |
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hydrocarbon with O atom between 2 carbon atoms
CH3 - CH2 - O - CH2 - CH3 |
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| a HC with double bond with O and single bond with O between 2 carbons |
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-essential components of all cells
-composed of amino acids (monomers)
-long chains of amino acids called polypeptides
-make muscles
-structural material-hair, nails, tendons
-antibodies-disease protection
-transports blood |
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
contain hydroxyl and aldehyde or ketone group
produceed by photosynthesis
Monosaccharides--simple sugar ex glucose
Dinosaccharides - 2 sugars ex sucrose
polysaccharides-many sugars
-long chain of monomers
store energy in plantsm abunakm irgabs
structural compound in plants |
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