Term
| Where does meiosis occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What process produces haploid cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organelles are found in a eukaryote? |
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Definition
| Mitochondria, smooth&rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, nucleus, ribosomes. Animal cells contain small vacuoles, and plant cells contain central vacuoles and chloroplast. |
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Term
| What are the steps of Mitosis, and what happens in each? |
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Definition
->Prophase: chromosomes become visible; spindle forms; nuclear envelope dissolves.
->Metaphase: chromosomes lines up to center of cell with the help of mitotic fibers.
->Anaphase: chromosomes split in the centromere and pulled to opposite side.
->Telophase: chromosomes unwind; spindle retracts; nuclear envelope reappears. |
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Term
| What are the steps of Meiosis, and what happens in each? |
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Definition
->Prophase I: Chromosomes become visible; crossing over occurs; nucleus breaks down.
->Metaphase I: cell in 2n; homologous chromosomes line up in middle.
->Anaphase I: homologous pairs separate from each other; spindle fibers pull them to opposite sides; there are still 2 sister chromatids; cell in 2n.
->Telophase I: cytokenesis; nuclear envelope may form; chromosomes gather at the poles of the cell.
->Prophase II: new spindles form around the poles of the cell.
->Metaphase II: chromosomes lines up in the middle of the cell.
->Anaphase II: chromosome split in the centromere and pulled to the opposite side of cell.
->Telophase II: nuclear envelope reappears; chromosomes unwind; spindles retract. |
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Term
| What organelles are found in a prokaryote? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you tell the difference between an animal cell and a plant cell? |
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Definition
| Plants cell have a cell wall, cholorplast, & central vacuole; they are stacked on top of each other and are usually square or rectangle. Animal cells are round and separate. |
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Term
| What do mitochondria do in a cell? |
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Definition
| Transfers energy from organic compounds to ATP, produces ATP for energy. |
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Term
| What is the function of the golgi apparatus? |
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Definition
| Processes and packages substances produced by the cell. |
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Term
| What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? |
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Definition
| Intracellular highway; moves molecules throughout cell. |
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Term
| Where are chromosomes found? |
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Definition
| inside the nucleus, it is coiled up in DNA. |
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Term
| What molecule traps sunlight energy, and where is this molecule located? |
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Definition
| Chlorophyll in the chloroplast. |
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Term
| Why do plants have both chloroplasts and mitochondria? |
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Definition
| Chloroplast performs photosynthesis to make food for the plant (sugar). Mitochondria perform cell respiration to make ATP from breaking down sugar. |
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Term
| What are the functions of the cell membrane? |
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Definition
| Formed the outer boundary of a cell to keep harmful products out; protects cell. |
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Term
| What does semi-permeable mean? |
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Definition
| Only selectively things can exit or enter. |
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Term
| What is the definition of cellular respiration? What equation represents it? |
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Definition
| The process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic molecules; C6H12O6 + 6O2 ? 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy |
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Term
| For each process in cellular respiration, give the specific location where it occurs: glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain. |
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Definition
->glycolysis- cytosol (cytoplasm)
->Krebs cycle- mitochondria
->ETC- mitochondria |
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Term
| What processes are involved in releasing the energy in the glucose? |
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Definition
| cellular respiration (glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, ETC) |
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Term
| What is the definition of photosynthesis? What equation represents it? |
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Definition
The process by which light energy is trapped and converted to chemical energy and stored as carbohydrates;
CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2? |
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Term
| What are the stages of photosynthesis in order? |
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Definition
Light reaction: Photosystem I&II, Chemiosmosis.
Dark reaction: Calvin Cycle. |
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Term
| Why is the sun considered the ultimate source of energy for living things? |
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Definition
| Sunlight is the start of all food on Earth. Without sunlight, plants cannot make food and all living things (organisms) besides plant eat plants directly or indirectly. |
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Term
| What does phenotype mean? What determines it? |
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Definition
| Physical expression of trait; from genotype. |
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Term
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Definition
| The actual genetic make-up of an individual. (organisms as indictment by its set of alleles) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells which have one set of chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells that have 2 sets of homologous chromosomes pair's parent. |
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Term
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Definition
| When egg and sperm combine & form zygote. |
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Term
| If a parent has a genotype of AaBb, what are the possible gametes that can be formed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Mendel's Law of Segregation say? |
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Definition
| States that each pair of alleles separate during meiosis. |
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Term
| What does Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment say? |
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Definition
| Genes pair segregate randomly and independent of each other. |
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Term
| What is the precursor (monomer) of lipids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the precursor (monomer) of carbohydrates? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the precursor (monomer) of proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the precursor (monomer) of Nucleic Acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what group of organic compounds do polysaccharides belong? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the definition of an enzyme? |
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Definition
| Catalysts found in living things that lowers activation energy; speeds up chemical reaction. |
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Term
| In what group of organic compounds do enzymes belong? |
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Definition
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Term
| What conditions can affect the enzymes and the rate of chemical reactions? |
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Definition
| pressure, temperature, pH balance. |
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Term
| How many enzymes does a cell contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the structure of a virus? |
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Definition
| Virus contain RNA or DNA in a protein coat. Virus has nucleic acid. |
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