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Semantics and Pragmatics Definitions
A set of definitions for comprehensive exam study. Based on Kroeger 2018.
24
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Graduate
03/21/2019

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Term
Semantics
Definition
The study of inherent, "linguistic" meaning of words and sentences.
Term
Pragmatics
Definition
The study of those aspects of meaning that depend on or derive from the context in which the words and sentences are used.
Term
Three fundamental questions about the meaning of an utterance:
"What is ____" (semantic content)
"What is intended" (intended but unspoken meaning; IMPLICATURE)
"What is done " (SPEECH ACT)
Definition
Three fundamental questions about the meaning of an utterance:
"What is said" (________________)
"What is intended" (intended but unspoken meaning; IMPLICATURE)
"What is done " (SPEECH ACT)
Term
Three fundamental questions about the meaning of an utterance:
"What is said" (semantic content)
"What is ________" (intended but unspoken meaning; IMPLICATURE)
"What is done " (SPEECH ACT)
Definition
Three fundamental questions about the meaning of an utterance:
"What is said" (semantic content)
"What is intended" (___________)
"What is done " (SPEECH ACT)
Term
Three fundamental questions about the meaning of an utterance:
"What is said" (semantic content)
"What is intended" (intended but unspoken meaning; IMPLICATURE)
"What is ____" (SPEECH ACT)
Definition
Three fundamental questions about the meaning of an utterance:
"What is said" (semantic content)
"What is intended" (intended but unspoken meaning; IMPLICATURE)
"What is done " (__________)
Term
[image]
Definition
The INTENDED SPEECH ACT is the intersection of the utterance's(COMMUNICATIVE/PERFORMATIVE) CONTENT and its (IMPLICATED/LITERAL) MEANING.
Term
[image]
Definition
The LITERAL SPEECH ACT is the intersection of the utterance's (COMMUNICATIVE/PERFORMATIVE) CONTENT and its (IMPLICATED/LITERAL) MEANING.
Term
[image]
Definition
The IMPLICATURE is the intersection of the utterance's (COMMUNICATIVE/PERFORMATIVE) CONTENT and its (IMPLICATED/LITERAL) MEANING.
Term
[image]
Definition
The SENTENCE MEANING is the intersection of the utterance's (COMMUNICATIVE/PERFORMATIVE) CONTENT and its (IMPLICATED/LITERAL) MEANING.
Term
[image]
Definition
The PERFORMATIVE CONTENT of an utterance intersects with its IMPLICATED MEANING to give rise to the (IMPLICATURE/INTENDED SPEECH ACT) and with its LITERAL MEANING to give rise to the (SENTENCE MEANING/LITERAL SPEECH ACT).
Term
[image]
Definition
The COMMUNICATIVE CONTENT of an utterance intersects with its IMPLICATED MEANING to give rise to the (IMPLICATURE/INTENDED SPEECH ACT) and with its LITERAL MEANING to give rise to the (SENTENCE MEANING/LITERAL SPEECH ACT).
Term
[image]
Definition
The IMPLICATED MEANING of an utterance intersects with its COMMUNICATIVE CONTENT to give rise to the (IMPLICATURE/SENTENCE MEANING) and with its PERFORMATIVE CONTENT to give rise to the (INTENDED/LITERAL SPEECH ACT).
Term
[image]
Definition
The LITERAL MEANING of an utterance intersects with its COMMUNICATIVE CONTENT to give rise to the (IMPLICATURE/SENTENCE MEANING) and with its PERFORMATIVE CONTENT to give rise to the (INTENDED/LITERAL SPEECH ACT).
Term
Word meaning is usually _________ (except for onomotopoeia)
Sentence meaning is usually compositional (except for idioms)
Utterance meaning (a.k.a. "speaker meaning") is "calculable"
Definition
____ meaning is usually arbitrary (except for onomotopoeia)
Sentence meaning is usually compositional (except for idioms)
Utterance meaning (a.k.a. "speaker meaning") is "calculable"
Term
Word meaning is usually arbitrary (except for onomotopoeia)
Sentence meaning is usually _____________ (except for idioms)
Utterance meaning (a.k.a. "speaker meaning") is "calculable"
Definition
Word meaning is usually arbitrary (except for onomotopoeia)
________ meaning is usually compositional (except for idioms)
Utterance meaning (a.k.a. "speaker meaning") is "calculable"
Term
Word meaning is usually arbitrary (except for onomotopoeia)
Sentence meaning is usually compositional (except for idioms)
Utterance meaning (a.k.a. "speaker meaning") is "__________"
Definition
Word meaning is usually arbitrary (except for onomotopoeia)
Sentence meaning is usually compositional (except for idioms)
__________ meaning (a.k.a. "_______ meaning") is "calculable"
Term
Presupposition
Definition
Information which is linguistically encoded as being part of the common ground at the time of utterance.
Term
Metaphor
Definition
A figure of speech in which an imptiea comparison is made.
Term
Hyperbole
Definition
A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect; an extravagant statement.
Term
Euphemism
Definition
Substitution of an inoffensive term (such as "passed away") for one considered offensively explicit ("died").
Term
Metonymy
Definition
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated (such as crown" for "royalty").
Term
Synecdoche
Definition
A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole, the whole for a part, the specific for the general, the general for the specific. Considered by some to be a form of metonymy.
Term
Litotes
Definition
A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its
opposite.
Term
Irony
Definition
Statements that imply the opposite of their literal meaning.
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