Term
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Definition
- how a client defines himself or herself, which is often tied to...
- physical description (i.e., tall, thin)
- social roles (i.e., mother, student)
- personal traits (i.e., worthy, generous)
- existential beliefs (i.e., one with the world, a spiritual being) |
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Term
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Definition
the extent to which a client accepts or approves of what defines their self-image (how the client defines himself or herself). Involves a degree of evaluation that may produce positive or negative feelings.
Generally, self-esteem is relatively high in childhood, drops during adolescence, rises gradually throughout adulthood, and then declines sharply in old age. |
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Term
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Definition
- relatively high. possible because children’s self-views are unrealistically positive
- gradually declines over childhood
- with cognitive development, they begin to base their self-evaluations on external feedback and social comparisons
- thus thus form a more balanced and accurate appraisal of their academic competence, social skills, attractiveness, and other personal characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
- Self-esteem continues to decline during adolescence
- perhaps due to a decrease in body image and other problems associated with puberty
- also due to the increasing ability to think abstractly and more academic and social challenges |
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Term
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Definition
- increases gradually
- peaks sometime around the late 60s
- tied to assuming positions of power and status that might promote feelings of self-worth
- brings an increasing level of maturity and adjustment, as well as emotional stability |
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Term
| Older Adulthood Self-esteem |
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Definition
- declines in old age
- begins to drop around 70
- may be due to loss of employment due to retirement
- loss of a spouse or friends
- and/or health problems |
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Term
| gender differences effecting self-esteem in the life cycle |
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Definition
- boys and girls report similar levels of self-esteem during childhood
- gender gap emerges by adolescence
- adolescent boys having higher self-esteem than adolescent girls
- this gap persists throughout adulthood
- narrows/disappears in old age |
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Term
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Definition
| the way one perceives and relates to his or her body, and how one thinks he or she is seen. Body image is influenced by the perceptions of others, media, and cultural forces. Senses are bombarded by an onslaught of mixed messages about how one “should” look or think about his or her body. |
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Term
| Healthy body-mage (define) |
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Definition
- key to well-being, both mentally and physically
- client has a realistic perception of, and feels comfortable with, his or her looks |
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Term
| Factors associated with positive body image |
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Definition
Acceptance and appreciation of natural body shape and body differences
Self-worth not tied to appearance
Confidence in and comfort with body
An unreasonable amount of time is not spent worrying about food, weight, or calories
Judgment of others is not made related to their body weight, shape, and/or eating or exercise habits
Knowing physical appearance says very little about character and value as a person |
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Term
| Factors of negative body image |
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Definition
Distorted perception of shape or body parts, unlike what they really are
Believing only other people are attractive and that body size or shape is a sign of personal failure
Feeling body doesn’t measure up to family, social, or media ideals
Ashamed, self-conscious, and anxious about body
Uncomfortable and awkward in body
Constant negative thoughts about body and comparisons to others |
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Term
| possible effects of a negative body image |
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Definition
Emotional distress
Low self-esteem
Unhealthy dieting habits
Anxiety
Depression
Eating disorders
Social withdrawal or isolation |
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