Term
|
Definition
| clinical manifestation of excessive hypersynchronous neuronal activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inadequate neuronal inhibition (GABA and glycine)
excessive neuronal excitation (aspartate and glutamate)
or both |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prior to the onset of seizure
increased hiding, attention seeking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
initial manifestation of the seizure
stereotypical motor, behavioral, or autonomic changes
can last seconds to minutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
actual seizure event
lasts seconds to minutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
period after the seizure
can last minutes to days
behavior changes and neurologic symptoms may be seen |
|
|
Term
| Four Components of Seizure |
|
Definition
prodrone
aura
ictal
post ictal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
not observed clinically
affects one focal point of the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
observed clinically
affects only 1 section of the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tonic: stiff
Clonic: trembling
Myoclonic: rhythmic movements
Simple: no loss of consciousness
Complex: loss of consciousness |
|
|
Term
| Most common type of seizure |
|
Definition
| focal with secondary generalization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
recurrent seizures
2 or more seizures at least 1 month apart
symptom not a disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 or more seizures within 24 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes
or 2 seizures without recovery to consciousness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
primary or idiopathic epilepsy
the seizure threshold is lower for that person
common (1-2% of population)
refractory in 25% of cases
affects Australian Shepherd and Border Collies
diagnosis of exclusion
seizures begin between 1-5 years old with normal intericteric periods |
|
|
Term
| Structural-Metabolic Epilepsy |
|
Definition
Intracranial - malformation, hydrocephalus, lissencephaly, cysts, inflammation, trauma, neoplasia, cerebrovascular event, degenerative, storage disease
Extracranial - toxins, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypoxemia, hepatic, renal, hyperlipidemia, thiamin deficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| classification where causes is not determined but genetic epilepsy is not likely |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Each seizure that a patient has makes it easier for that patient to have another seziures |
|
|
Term
| When Treatment is Required |
|
Definition
known intracranial disease
status epilepticus
3 or more generalized seizures within 24 hours
2 or more cluster episodes within 1 year
2 or more isolated seizures within 6 month period
prolonged ictal events >10 minutes
prolonged severe or unusual postictal evens |
|
|
Term
| Objective of Seizure Control |
|
Definition
decrease frequency duration or intensity by 50%
unrealistic that there will be no seizures
patient may require life-long treatment
need at least 4 week to judge whether or not the medication is effective
at least 6 months to 1 year before decreasing the dose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
seizure lasts >5 minutes
3 or more seizures within 24 hour period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diazepam or levitiracetam
get IV access or do it rectally
start a loading dose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hepatic metabolism
Can see hepatotoxicity
Causes sedation - biggest problem
Anything over 35 mg/mLcan potentially cause hepatotoxicity
Measure levels when the drug reaches a steady state
Measure drug levels in 1-2 weeks after starting
Steady state is 7 half lives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
salt
Throw off the salt in the body and competes with Cl-
Has really long half life and can't tweak the medication quickly
Polyphagia leading to pancreatitis
Do not use bromide in cats - causes asthmatic condition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sulfa classication
Neuroprotective effect
Long half life in cats - can get away with once a day dosing
Don't use in breeds that are sensitive to sulfonamides
Competively inhibits phenobarbital
Sedation is transient at the beginning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Very quick to work
Anti-kindling effect
Short half life
Sedation is transient at the beginning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
not good for chronic control
Good for emergencies |
|
|
