Term
8.1 Overview of Relationship Psychology
This social psychology option focuses on human relationships; these relationships may be: |
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Definition
8.1 – "romantic, friendship, familial, or
antagonistic."
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Term
8.2 - Difference btwn. Altruism and prosocial
behavior
While pro-social behavior is behavior that help
another or has positive social consequences... |
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Definition
8.2 - it only describes the outcome not the
motivation; altruism is when one helps another for
no reward or even at cost to themselves.
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Term
8.2.1 – Two Evolutionary Theories of Altruism
There are Two evolutionary theories of Altruism... |
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Definition
8.2.1 – the kin selection theory and the reciprocal
altruism theory
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Term
8.2.2 – psychological explanations of altruism
altruism can be explained either by... |
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Definition
8.2.2 – the negative-state relief model OR the
empathy-altruism model
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Term
8.2.3 – Pro-social behavior and the bystander effect
prosocial behavior is inhibited by two factors of
bystanderism... |
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Definition
8.2.3 – diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic
ignorance
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Term
8.2.4 – A-C-R model of prosocial behavior
the arousal-cost-reward model of prosocial behavior
finds... |
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Definition
8.2.4 –we are usually not motivated by altruism but
to reduce the negative feelings of arousal.
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Term
8.2.5 – the role of social norms in prosocial
behavior
Social norms can be... |
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Definition
8.2.5 – "both encouraging or discouraging toward
prosocial behavior, depending on the situation and
norms involved."
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Term
8.2.6 – Cross-Cultural Differences in Prosocial
Behavior
while culture does play a role in prosocial
behavior, three factors seem cross-cultural: |
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Definition
8.2.6 – "social identity, population density, the
simpatico hypothesis
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Term
8.3 – Interpersonal relationships
a close relationship is defined as a relationship
involving... |
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Definition
8.3 – strong and frequent interdependence in many
domains of life.
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Term
8.4 – Origins of Attraction – biological LOA
physical attraction is a result of... |
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Definition
8.4 – "a biochemical cocktail, including seratonin,
dopamine and adrenaline"
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Term
8.4.1 – the role of hormones in bonding
Modern research has fond two hormones involved
in romantic bonds: |
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Definition
8.4.1 – Oxytocin and vasopressin strengthen and
deepen feelings of attachment
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Term
8.4.2 – evolutionary explanations of attraction
Evolutionary psychology is often used to explain... |
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Definition
8.4.2 – attraction and long-term commitment
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Term
8.5 – origins of attraction – cognitive LOA
Humans are attracted to those similar to
themselves... |
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Definition
8.5 – which leads to the attraction-similarity model
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Term
8.5.1 – reciprocity
the theory of reciprocity finds relationships are... |
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Definition
8.5.1 – dependent on people's perception of rewards
and costs.
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Term
8.6 – origins of attraction – socialcultural LOA
people who live in proximity to one another tend
share cultural norms... |
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Definition
8.6 – which can cause attraction by mere exposure.
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Term
8.6.1 – Cultural Role in Formation & Maint. Of
Relationships
cultural beliefs on romantic love... |
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Definition
8.6.1 – "are loosely correlated to individualistic,
richer countries"
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Term
8.6.2 – Communication in Maintaining
Relationships
"in happy relationships, attributions..." |
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Definition
8.6.2 – tend to be positively biased towards the
partner
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Term
8.7 – Reasons relationships begin & end
relationship maintenance is related to four concepts: |
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Definition
8.7 – "The exchange theory, the equity theory,
patterns of accommodation, attachment styles
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Term
8.8 – Biological causes of violence
two major biological factors in violence are the
levels of: |
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Definition
8.8 – the hormone testosterone and the
neurotransmitter serotonin.
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Term
8.9 – cognitive origins of violence
current research suggests violent acts are caused by: |
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Definition
8.9 – "previous experiences which have resulted in
biased cognitive processing, typically in relation to
social information."
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Term
8.10 – Sociocultural origins of violence
while some think that violence is caused by power
differences in social groups or social learning
theory... |
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Definition
8.10 – there are situations like deindividuation
where the individual has less control for their own
behavior.
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Term
8.11 – violence: the case of bullying
bullying is when a person is... |
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Definition
8.11 – exposed repeatedly over time to negative
actions on the part of one or more other peopl
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Term
8.11.1 – origins of bullying behavior
While there are some genetic traits which may
encourage bullying... |
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Definition
8.11.1 – "Olweas argues the roots causes are a
combination of 1) parental influence, 2) aspects of a
child's home environment, and 3) problems with
anger management"
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Term
8.11.2 – effects of violence (bullying) on the
individual
"While causal relationships are hard to find, victims
of bullying can..." |
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Definition
8.11.2 – cause multiple short-term and long-term
effects in coping with the bullying
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Term
8.12 – reducing violence and bullying
many different types of anti-bullying strategies... |
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Definition
8.12 – have been tried to eliminate the root causes
of the situation.
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