Term
7.1 gOAL sETTING
tHERE ARE THREE TYPES OF GOALS... |
|
Definition
| 7.1 oUT COME GOALS, performance goals, process goals" |
|
|
Term
| 7.1.1 Theories of Goal Setting in Sport Locke and Latham believed performance is regulated by... |
|
Definition
| 7.1.1 the concious goals that individuals attempt to achieve on a task. |
|
|
Term
7.1.2 Two Views of Goal Setting
Two common views on goal setting include... |
|
Definition
| 7.1.2 the direct mechanistic view and indirect thought process view |
|
|
Term
7.1.3 Weinberg's study of goal setting
WEINBERG'S observation study found that goal setting... |
|
Definition
| 7.1.3 consistently inscreased perfomance levels |
|
|
Term
7.2 Sports Motivation
Motivation is defined as... |
|
Definition
| 7.2 the direction and instensity of ones efforts |
|
|
Term
| 7.2.1 Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Motivation Instrinsic motivation comes from BLANK while extrinsic are... |
|
Definition
| 7.2.1 within the individual; that which we can gain from taking part in sport or exercise |
|
|
Term
7.2.3 Role of Goal Setting on motivation of individuals
The achievement goal perspective sees goals as... |
|
Definition
| " cognitive representation of the different purposes people may have in sports situations, which guide behavior and cognition" |
|
|
Term
| 7.2.4 Cognitive evaluation theory Cognitive Evaluation Theory argues that... |
|
Definition
| 7.2.4 events that affects one's feeling of competence and self determination effect one's level of intrinsic motivation |
|
|
Term
| 7.3 Performance Arousal and Anxiety arousal is described as BLANK while anxiety is described as BLANK |
|
Definition
| 7.3 A general physiological and psychological activation; an emotional label for a negatively interpreted arousal experience |
|
|
Term
7.3.1 The inverted-U Hypothesis
Yerkes and DODSON BELIEVED THAT FOR EVERY MOTOR task we carry out |
|
Definition
| 7.3.1 there is an optimum level of physiological arousal |
|
|
Term
| 7.3.2 Alternatives to the inverted-U Hypothesis the catastrophe model believes BLANK while the explicit monitoring theory argues BLANK |
|
Definition
| 7.3.2 too much arousal causes a drastic decline in performance; anxiety causes athletes to become overly conscious causing distraction and regression. |
|
|
Term
| 7.3.3 Hanin found that top athletes have... |
|
Definition
| 7.3.3 A zone of optimal activity in which their best performance occurs |
|
|
Term
7.4 the Role of Self-efficacy in sport
People's belief in their capacity to succeed is called BLANK and can... |
|
Definition
| 7.4 Self-efficacy; impact an athlete's ability to deal with arousal and anxiety |
|
|
Term
| 7.5 Skill Development Techniques Athletic success is dependent on training to... |
|
Definition
| 7.5 correct errors and build confidence |
|
|
Term
7.5.1 Mental Imagery
The four functions of mental imagery are... |
|
Definition
| 7.5.1 "cognitive specific, cognitive general, motivation specific, motivation general" |
|
|
Term
7.5.3 Concentration training- Self-talk
Self-talk is defined as... |
|
Definition
| 7.5.3 the way in which an athlete talks to themselves in competition and practice |
|
|
Term
7.6 Relarionship effect on Team Cohesion and Performance
The way in which players interact and think about eachother... |
|
Definition
| 7.6 has tremendous impact on the way a team performs. |
|
|
Term
7.6.1 Types of Cohesion
The two types of cohesion are.. |
|
Definition
| 7.6.1 Task cohesion and social cohesion |
|
|
Term
7.6.2 Slater and Sewell
Slater and Sewell found that the relationship between... |
|
Definition
| 7.6.2 cohesion and performance is bidirectional |
|
|
Term
| 7.6.3 Grieve et al. vs. Boone et al. While Grieve's research found BLANK, Boone instead found BLANK |
|
Definition
| 7.6.3 team cohesion comes from winning and is not bidirectional; the cohesion was social and unaffected by winning |
|
|
Term
7.6.4 Kenow and Williams
Kenow and Williams found that cohesion... |
|
Definition
| 7.6.4 is defined and measured culturally |
|
|
Term
7.6.5 Common Barriers to group cohesion
The six common barriers to group cohesion are... |
|
Definition
| 7.6.5 personality clashes,; task or role conflict; communication breakdown; power struggles; member turnover; goal disagreement |
|
|
Term
7.6.6 Impact goals on group cohesion
"While outcome goals are necesary, process goals..." |
|
Definition
| 7.6.6 are more efficent for promoting team cohesion |
|
|
Term
7.7 Coach's Role
Coaches impact... |
|
Definition
| 7.7 both the individual and group performance and motivations |
|
|
Term
7.7.1 Horn & Lox
Horn & Lox's expectation-performance model states 4 steps... |
|
Definition
| 7.7.1 " 1)Coach develops athlete expectation; 2) coach's expectations influence coach's actions to athlete; 3) coach's treatment of player affects player's performance, etc; 4) athlete's performance reinforces coach's expectation" |
|
|
Term
7.7.2 Rosenthal's feedback research
Coach's feedback is based in... |
|
Definition
| 7.7.2 the Coach's expectation of athlete's ability |
|
|
Term
7.7.3 Coach's role in improving intrinsic motivation
Duda and Prensgaard found that coach's can improve intrinsic motivation by... |
|
Definition
| 7.7.3 1)focusing on linking improved techniques to success; 2) facilitating group goal-setting; 3)give personal feedback; 4) acknowledge that athletes can make mistakes; 5) treat all participants as important |
|
|
Term
7.7.4 Wild and Enzle's Social Contagion
Wild and Enzle found that motivational attitudes... |
|
Definition
| 7.7.4can spread from person to person during the social interaction of practice |
|
|
Term
7.8 Stress and Chornic injury
Athletes with higher stress levels experience... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
7.8.1 Williams' Research on Attention and Stress
Stress tends to disrupt an athlete's attention by... |
|
Definition
| 7.8.1 reducing peripheral attention |
|
|
Term
7.8.2 Athlete's response to injury
Injury causes three kinds of stress: |
|
Definition
| 7.8.2 " Physical stress, psychological stress, social stress" |
|
|
Term
7.8.3 Grief Response Model
Hardy and Crace's grief response model is based on... |
|
Definition
| 7.8.3 Kubler-Ross' stages of coping with terminal illness |
|
|
Term
| 7.8.4 Cognitive Appraisal methods "Udry et all. found injury response can be cognitive, using..." |
|
Definition
| 7.8.4 an information-processing model of injury response |
|
|
Term
7.9 Perormance Enhancing DRUG Use
Athlete's ecpectation to use all possible ways to increase performance... |
|
Definition
| 7.9 has led to the use of performance enhancing drugs |
|
|
Term
7.9.1 Theories of PED use
Causes many PED users claim they take them for... |
|
Definition
| 7.9.1 " physical reasons, but there are psychological and social reason as well" |
|
|
Term
7.9.2 Prisoner's Dilemma and PED use
The theory of the Prisoner's dilemma is seen as... |
|
Definition
| 7.9.2 a reason why late-adopting PED users justify their actions. |
|
|
Term
7.9.3 Effects of Drug use
Long-term PED use can lead to... |
|
Definition
| 7.9.3 both physical and psychological debilitating effects |
|
|
Term
| 7.9.4 Five most common PEDs The five most common PED's are... |
|
Definition
| 7.9.4 " Anabolic steriods, beta blockers, diurectics, EPO, narcotics" |
|
|
Term
| 7.10 Burnout Burnout is a... |
|
Definition
| 7.10 "Psychological, emotional and sometimes physical withdrawl from a formerly enjoyable activity, in response to long-term or exsessive stress and dissatisfaction" |
|
|
Term
| 7.10.1 Smith's cognitive-affective stress model Smith's cognitive-affective stress model for the origins of burnout have 4 stages: |
|
Definition
| 7.10.1 1) Situation demands; 2) cognitive appraisal; 3) physiological responses; 4) behavioral responses |
|
|
Term
7.10.2 Hardiness
Some people have characteristics to better deal with stress (hardiness) which has 3 key elements... |
|
Definition
| 7.10.2 "control, commitment, and challenge" |
|
|
Term
| 7.10.3 Clough and Earle's model for mental toughness Clough and Earle's model for mental toughness found that athletes with high levels of mental toughness... |
|
Definition
| 7.10.3 perceive themselves as having higher levels of control during high levels of and perceive the high intensity as a challenge |
|
|
Term
7.10.4 Self- determination theory
Some burnout can be caused by the lack of... |
|
Definition
| 7.10.4 perceived options for self-identity and self-concept outside sport |
|
|
Term
| 7.10.5 Measuring Burnout Gould's research on measuring burnout found two strains of burnout: |
|
Definition
| 7.10.5 dominant strain and physically driven strain |
|
|
Term
7.10.6 Preventing burnout
Two methods of preventing burnout are... |
|
Definition
| 7.10.6 the Cognitive Affective Stress Management model and the Stress Inoculation Theory |
|
|
