Term
| Weathering Controlling Factors |
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Definition
Climate
Soil
Parent Rock
Exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| water infiltrates crack, freezes and expands, splitting rock |
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Term
Exfoliation
-Isostatic Rebound |
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Definition
layers 'peel off'
-strata rise, pressure drops, rocks try to re-expand but begin to crack |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
basin
-accommodation space |
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Definition
natural depression
-how much room there is in a basin |
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Term
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Definition
| 'sinking' of the crust, forms basins |
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Term
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Definition
| process of compacting sediments under pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| all the changes that occur during burial and lithification |
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Term
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Definition
| sediments squeezed together |
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Term
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Definition
during compaction, pore water squeezed out
dissolved materials can precipitate & 'glue' sediment |
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Term
Recrystallization
Oxidation |
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Definition
unstable minerals can be altered into stable forms
breakdown of organic matter in presence of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
produced by mechanical breakdown of rocks
-classified by grain size |
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Term
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Definition
provides info on transportation
-variable energy, probably didnt transport far
-energy more constant, father travel |
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Term
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Definition
corners and edges get rounded during erosion via abrasion
-longer transport = more rounded
-harder minerals are more resistant |
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Term
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Definition
combo of roundness and sorting
-rounder & better sorted typically imply longer transport |
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Term
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Definition
no mechanical breakdown
form via reactions
Rocks usually comprised of 1 major mineral type
-acid rain, saltwater evaporation |
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Term
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Definition
produced by plants and animals
-shells make up the rock
-plants contribute to fossil fuel formation
as material is buried, water leaves, leaving C rich deposit |
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Term
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Definition
sediment deposits characteristic of a particular environment
-features provide info about current direction
- fossils provide climate info
-mineral content provides burial conditions
- grain size reveals energy levels |
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Term
Mass wasting
-Controlling factors |
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Definition
transport of sediment & assoc materials downhill via gravity
-slope materials
-slope steepness
-slope wetness
-vegetation |
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Term
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Definition
maximum 'steepness' that is relatively stable
-varies with material, shape of grain, & wetness of sediment
-larger flatter, more angular, wetter = more stable |
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Term
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Definition
Too little- particles can move past another easily
too much-friction drop to point that material flows
just right-moisture adds surface tension that stabilizes grains |
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Term
Landslide
-rockfall, talus
-rockslide
-avalanche |
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Definition
mass wasting
-solid rock drops straight of slope, rock debris at base
-slide, rather than fall (slower)
-move lots of material downhill very fast (flows) |
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Term
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Definition
unconsolidated material slowly moves downhill (mm's/yr)
-creep caused by repeated freeze/thaw action |
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Term
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Definition
Earthquakes
Over-saturation (snowmelt, storms)
Grading slopes too steadily
Removing vegetative cover |
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