Term
|
Definition
| Sedative is relaxing, hypnotic induces sleep |
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Term
|
Definition
| CNS depression, mood alternation from mild excitation to mild sedation, sleep, deep coma; respiratory depression similar to that occurs when sleeping |
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Term
| Action of Benzodiazepines |
|
Definition
Depress CNS
Inhibits GABA
Less respiratory supression |
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Term
|
Definition
dexmedetomidine (Precedex)
eszopiclone (Lunesta)
ramelteon (Rozerem)
zaleplon (Sonata)
zolpidem (Ambien) - don't take with food
CNS depression
tolerance develops
Physical and phsychological addiction
Lower dose in elderly
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|
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Term
|
Definition
estazolam
flurazepam
quazepam
triazolam (Halcion) |
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Term
| Adverse reactions to hypnotic benzodiazepines |
|
Definition
headache
heartburn
nausea
palpitations
rash
somnolence
vomiting
weakness
body and joint pain |
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Term
| General adverse reactions to nonbenzo hypnotics |
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Definition
| headache, somnolence, dizziness, nausea, myalgia |
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Term
| what are the two barbituates (listed in book) |
|
Definition
penobarbital (Nembutal)
secobarbital (Seconal) |
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|
Term
| What class of sedative/hypnotic is used for preop sedation? What are their side effects? |
|
Definition
the barbituates, penobarbital and scobarbital
SEs: CNS and resp depression, N/V, C/D, bradycardia, hypotension, syncope, hypersensitivity reaction, headache |
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Term
| Contraindications of sedatives/hypnotics |
|
Definition
- known hypersensitivity
- coma
- severe respiratory problems
- hx drug/alcohol abuse
- pregnancy, must teach not to become pregnant
- lactation
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|
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Term
| Pregnancy and sedatives/hypnotics |
|
Definition
Benzos and barbituates are contraindicated
Benzos are cat X, baby will withdraw
Barbs are cat D
Nonbenzo hypnotics are cats B and C |
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Term
| When are sedatives/hypnotics given cautiously |
|
Definition
lactation
hepatic/renal impairment
habitual alcohol use
mental health problems
elderly and debilitated - more sensitive |
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Term
| sedative/hypnotics interactions |
|
Definition
All cause increased sedation:
antidepressants
opioids
antihistamines
phenothiazines (Thorazine) for psychosis
cimetidine
alcohol |
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Term
| sedatives/hypnotics in elderly |
|
Definition
| can either oversedate or cause PARADOXICAL REACTION: excitement and confustion |
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