Significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period that adversely affects a child's educational performance is a definition of which of the following?

(learning disabilites; dyslexia; anxiety disorder; mental retardation)

Supports are services, resources, and personal assistance for enabling a person to do which of the following?

(develop, learn, and live effectively; increase academic achievement; plan for transitions; develop self-advocacy)

Two major characteristics of mental retardation are limitations in intellectual functioning and _______________________.

(low IQ; limitations in adaptive behvavior; speech and language limitations; behavior disorders)

_____________________ is the mental ability to recall information that has been stored for a few seconds to a few hours.

(long-term memory; working memory; temporary memory; short-term memory)

A problem-solving style in which students distrust their own solutions and depend on others to guide them is called ____________________.

(outer-directedness; inner-directedness; conflict resolution; problem-based learning)

People with mental retardation have significant limitations in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, __________________, and practical adaptive skills.

(behavioral; intellectual; social; vocational)

____________________ refers to acting as the primary causal agent in one's life and making choices and decisions regarding one's quality of life free from undue external influence.

(advocacy; self-monitoring; problem solving; self-determination)

There are two categories of mental retardation: those that refer to timing and those that refer to _______________.

(symptoms; type; medical history; environment)

Causes by timing include prenatal, ________________, and postnatal.

(peernatal; pronatal; perinatal; paranatal)

Causes by type include which of the following?

(biomedical factors; social factors; behavioral factors; all of these)

The majority of individuals who have mental retardation experience adverse influences related to social, _________________, and educational factors.

(behavioral; intellectual; biomedical; vocational)

The evaluation process for mental retardation includes ______________________, screening, and the IDEA nondiscriminatory evaluation process.

(testing; medical reports; observation; psychotherapy)

To date, ___________ states require educators to evaluate a student's adaptive behavior when classifying the student as having mental retardation.

(all; no; 25; 49)

Adaptive behavior scales require the evaluator to rely on information provided by an individual who is familiar with the student's ______________________.

(medical history; daily activities; intellect; behavior)

The educational classification system for mental retardation has three levels: ________________ mental retardation, trainable mental retardation, and severely/multiply handicapped.

(mild; profound; educable; moderate)

The AAMR classification system for mental retardation has four levels: mild, moderate, severe, and __________________.

(educable; profound; trainable; multiple)

Transition planning requires IEP-based partnerships among the student, _______________, educators, and adult support providers.

(parents; administrators; doctors; therapists)

The student is at the center of transition planning because IDEA requires the IEP team to take into account the student's needs, preferences, and ___________________.

(IQ; interests; strengths; weaknesses)

Providing individualized instruction to groups of students with and without disabilities, facilitating friendships among students with and without disabilities, supporting peer tutors, using state-of-the-art technology, and teaching in community settings are appropriate partnership roles for which of the following?

(parents; counselors; paraprofessionals; teachers)

Testing accommodations for students with mental retardation may include which of the following?

(dictating response to a scribe; extended time to complete an assignment; having test items read to them; all of these)

The U.S. Department of Education defines mental retardation by IQ scores only.

(True or False)

The two major characteristics of mental retardation are limitations in intellectual functioning and limitations in adaptive behavior.

(True or False)

Adaptive behavior refers to how a student adapts to the instruction provided in school.

(True or False)

Self-determination refers to acting as the primary causal agent in one's own life and making choices and decisions regarding one's quality of life free from undue external influence or interference.

(True or False)

There are two categories of causes of mental retardation: educational and medical.

(True or False)

In order to determine whether a student has mental retardation, only a complete medical examination by a physician is appropriate.

(True or False)

To date, 49 states require educators to evaluate a student's adaptive behavior when classifying the student as having mental retardation.

(True or False)

It is inappropriate to use a separate classroom for any student or group of students where the placement decision is based solely on a student's disability category.

(True or False)

When planning for transition from secondary to postsecondary situations, the parent should be the main participant in the planning process.

(True or False)

Paraprofessionals should not be part of the IEP team because they do not know the students well enough.

(True or False)

Schools usually link two disability areas into a single category for students who have the most significant cognitive, physical, or communication impairments. These two disabilities include: severe and __________________ disabilities.

(profound; cognitive; multiple; physical)

The term "children with severe disabilities" refers to children with disabilities who, because of the intensity of their physical, mental, or emotional problems, need highly specialized education, _________________, psychological, and medical services in order to maximize their full potential for useful and meaningful participation in society.

(counseling; social; family; language)

Students with severe and multiple disabilities share five characteristics. These characteristics involve which of the following?

(intellectual functioning; adaptive skills; motor development; all of these)

Students with severe and multiple disabilities often have sensorimotor impairments that produce abnormal muscle tone. Underdeveloped muscle tone can result in difficulties in which of the following areas?

(handwriting; typing; sitting; cutting with scissors)

Increased muscle tension and extremely tight muscles cause __________________.

(spasticity; flexion; tension; extension)

The Apgar Test is a traditional way to screen for detection of a disability in a newborn. The test includes ranking the child on five traits, including heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, gag reflex, and ______________.

(mobility; skin color; grasping; eyesight)

Ensuring necessity, meeting the IDEA definition, considering appropriateness, and examining procedures are steps evaluation teams should take to determine when a student needs _______________________.

(special education; testing accommodations; assistive technology; a behavior plan)

An assistive technology evaluation team should include which of the following?

(speech/language pathologists; orientation and mobility specialists; occupational and physical therapists; all of these)

Speech, language, and communication assessment; seating and positioning assessment; mobility assessment; writing evaluation; visual and hearing assessment; and assessment of environmental factors should be included in which of the following?

(assistive technology evaluation; special education evaluation; special services evaluation; speech and language evaluation)

The "E" in the SETT framework for making evaluation decisions stands for which of the following?

(evaluation; extension; environment; exclusion)

The MAP process is the most popular person-centered planning approach. MAP stands for which of the following?

(making all progress; making action plans; more achievement plans; many active participants)

Pairing students one on one so students who have already developed certain skills can help teach those and other skills to less advanced students is called which of the following?

(MAP; SETT; wraparound; peer tutoring)

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) refers to _________________ used by students who are unable to communicate fully through natural speech and/or writing.

(devices, techniques, and strategies; sign language; instructional strategies; computer programs)

AAC devices have which of the following features?

(symbols; displays; selection options; all of these)

Non-electronic devices, dedicated communication devices, and computer systems are three forms of which of the following?

(displays; selection options; symbolic communication; output)

Fixed or dynamic are two examples of which of the following?

(displays; selection options; symbolic communication; output)

Scanning or direct selection are two types of which of the following?

(displays; selection options; symbolic communication; output)

Intrinsic (low tech) and extrinsic (high tech) are examples of which of the following?

(displays; selection options; symbolic communication; output)

In addition to AAC, students must learn some of the basics of communication, such as:

(maintaining conversation; sustaining conversation; when to use different kinds of messages; all of these)

Teaching students to modify and regulate their own learning is called which of the following?

(peer monitoring; self-instruction; student-directed learning; self-regulation)

No single definition covers all the conditions associated with severe and multiple disabilities.

(True or False)

The term multiple disabilities includes deaf-blindness.

(True or False)

The Apgar test is a traditional way to screen for detection of a disability in a newborn.

(True or False)

Students with severe and multiple disabilities will not be able to use assistive technology.

(True or False)

Peer reinforcement involves pairing students one on one so students who have already developed certain skills can help teach those and other skills to less advanced students.

(True or False)

AAC refers to the devices, techniques, and strategies used by students who are unable to communicate fully through natural speech and/or writing

(True or False)

All AAC devices have fixed displays to make them more accessible for students with severe and multiple disabilites

(True or False)

Intrinsic output options mean low tech

(True or False)

The IEP team is not involved in the decision making process for AAC devices

(True or False)

Research agrees with those individuals who believe that students with severe and multiple disibilites should be in seperate programs from their typically developing peers

(True or False)

____________________ is a developmental disability that significantly affects a student's verbal and nonverbal communication, social interaction, and educational performance.

(autism; mental retardation; speech/language impairment; learning disability)

Autism is generally evident before age three and is manifest when the child engages in ____________________________, resists environmental change, and displays unusual responses to sensory experiences.

(academic activities; poor behavior; repetitive activities and steretyped movements; social activities)

Autistic disorder, Rett's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, Asperger's disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder are sometimes referred to as which of the following?

(autism; autism spectrum disorder; stereotypy; mental retardation)

The term _________________ describes individuals with significant challenges in social and emotional functioning but without significant delays in language development or intellectual functioning.

(autistic disorder; childhood disintegrative disorder; rett's disorder; asperger syndrome)

Atypical language development, atypical social development, repetitive behavior, problem behavior, the need for environmental predictability, sensory and movement disorders, and differences in intellectual functioning are characteristics of which of the following?

(autism; mental retardation; emotional/behavioral disorders; learning disabilities)

Students with autism usually have a number of language impairments. Two common language impairments are delayed language and _______________________.

(fluency; echolalia; articulation; dyslexia)

Students with autism may have which of the following characteristics of communication?

(attention focused on one topic only; use of limited gestures to supplement verbal skills; lack of eye contact; all of these)

Impaired use of nonverbal behavior; lack of peer relationships; failure to spontaneously share enjoyment, interests, and achievements with others; and lack of reciprocity are characteristics of which of the following?

(speech/language impairments; emotional disorders; atypical social development; behavior problems)

Obsessions, tics, and perseveration are characteristics of which of the following?

(repetitive behavior; speech/language impairments; emotional disorders; atypical social development)

Categories of problem behavior in students with autism include which of the following?

(self-injurious behavior; aggression; tantrums; all of these)

Between 42 and 88 percent of children and youth with autism and Asperger syndrome have sensory and movement disorders. Two characteristics of this are under- or overresponsiveness to sensory stimuli. The more common one is which of the following?

(underresponsiveness; overresponsiveness; both; neither is more common)

Abnormal posture; abnormal movements of the face, head, trunk, and limbs; abnormal eye movements; repeated gestures and mannerisms; and awkward gait are characteristics of which of the following?

(sensory disorders; behavior disorders; movement disorders; intellectual disorders)

There is broad agreement that autism is caused by abnormalities in brain development, neurochemistry, and ____________________.

(environmental factors; refridgerator mothers; poor early childhood intervention; genetic factors)

_____________________ identifies specific relationships between a student's behavior and the circumstances that trigger those behaviors, especially those that impede a student's ability to learn.

(functional behavioral assessment; parents; intelligence tests; observation)

Mnemonic strategies help students learn and retain information. Mnemonic strategies include which of the following?

(keyword strategies; pegword strategies; letter strategies; all of these)

Goals for promoting friendship should include trustworthiness and loyalty, conflict resolution, general friendship skills, positive interaction style, and _________________.

(conversation style; taking the perspective of others; responding appropriately; using appropriate introductions)

Social stories are written by educators, parents, or students and describe _________________________, social cues, and appropriate responses to those cues.

(conversation style; conflict resolution techniques; soical situations; using appropriate introductions)

________________________ is a proactive, problem-solving, and data-based approach to improving appropriate behavior and achieving important academic, social, and communication outcomes.

(positive behavior support; conflict resolution; problem-based learning; social stories)

Positive behavior support seeks to tailor students' environments to their ___________________, strengths, and needs.

(differences; preferences; family structure; cultural background)

Universal support, group support, and individual support are three components of which of the following?

(IEP; ITP; individual positive behavior support; schoolwide positive behavior support)

Autism is generally evident when a child reaches the teenage years; it is difficult to diagnose before then.

(True or False)

Autism is a severe form of a broader group of disorders known as childhood disintegrative disorders.

(True or False)

Students with autism usually have language impairments. Two common ones are delayed language and echolalia.

(True or False)

Echolalia is a form of communication where the typical person repeats what the autistic student says in order to reinforce language.

(True or False)

One explanation for delayed social development is called the theory of mind: individuals with autism do not understand that their own beliefs, desires, and intentions may differ from those of others.

(True or False)

Predictability and structure are important sources of security for many individuals with autism.

(True or False)

Savant syndrome is an unusual condition in which individuals display below average abilities even though they have extremely high IQs.

(True or False)

A functional behavioral assessment identifies specific relationships between a student's behaviors and the circumstances that trigger those behaviors, especially those that impede a student's ability to learn.

(True or False)

Social stories are children's books written about a variety of children, their disabilities, and how they overcome them.

(True or False)

The primary goal of universal support is to create a positive learning context for all students.

(True or False)