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Security+ 3ed - Chapter 3 Key Terms
Mark Ciampa's Security+ text 3rd edition - Chapter 3 Key Terms
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Computer Networking
Undergraduate 1
09/19/2010

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Term
Active Directory (AD)
Definition
Microsoft’s directory service, which is a central database of all network resources and is used to manage the network and provide users with access to resources.
Term
ActiveX
Definition
A set of technologies developed by Microsoft that specifies how applications should share information.
Term
ActiveX controls
Definition
A specific way of implementing ActiveX; also called add-ons.
Term
add-ons
Definition
A specific way of implementing ActiveX; also called ActiveX controls.
Term
Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLK)
Definition
A Windows Vista feature that randomly assigns executable operating system code to different possible locations in memory.
Term
Antispyware
Definition
Software that helps prevent computers from becoming infected by different types of spyware.
Term
antivirus (AV)
Definition
Software that can scan a computer for infections as well as monitor computer activity and scan all new documents, such as e-mail attachments, that might contain a virus.
Term
Automated patch update service
Definition
A locally managed patch update service that is used to distribute patches instead of relying upon the vendor’s online update service.
Term
Bayesian filtering
Definition
An advanced method for detecting spam.
Term
BitTorrent
Definition
A type of P2P network that maximizes transfer speeds by gathering pieces of a tile and downloading them separately.
Term
Blacklist
Definition
A list of senders for which the user does not want to receive any e-mail.
Term
buffer overflow
Definition
A process that attempts to store data in random access memory (RAM) beyond the boundaries of a fixed length storage buffer.
Term
Chat
Definition
Instant messaging between several users simultaneously.
Term
Configuration baseline
Definition
Operating system configurations settings that will be used for each computer in the organization.
Term
Cookie
Definition
User-specific information stored in a file on the user’s local computer by a Web browser~
Term
Cross site scripting (XSS)
Definition
Using client-side scripts typically written in JavaScript that are designed to extract information from the victim and then pass the information to the attacker
Term
Data Execution Prevention (DEP)
Definition
A Windows feature that uses a CPU’s ability to mark sections of a computer’s memory as exclusively for data and not for code.
Term
Definition files
Definition
Antivirus update files; also known as signature files.
Term
Firewall
Definition
Hardware or software designed to prevent malicious packers from entering or leaving the computers; sometimes called a packet filter.
Term
First-party cookie
Definition
A cookie that is created from the Web site that a user is currently viewing.
Term
Group Policies
Definition
A Microsoft Windows feature that provides centralized management and configuration of computers.
Term
Host Intrusion Detection Systems (HIDS)
Definition
Software that attempts to monitor and possibly prevent attempts to intrude into a system and network resources.
Term
Hotfix
Definition
A software update that addresses a specific customer situation and often may nor he distributed outside that customer’s organization.
Term
IMAP4
Definition
The current version of Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP). Input validation Verifying user input.
Term
Instant messaging (IM)
Definition
Real-time communication between two or more users.
Term
Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP)
Definition
An advanced e-mail protocol. IMAP4 is the current version.
Term
Java
Definition
A complete object-oriented programming language created by Sun Microsystems and can be used to create standalone applications.
Term
Java applet
Definition
A type of smaller Java program.
Term
JavaScript
Definition
A programming scripting language developed by Netscape.
Term
Kernel
Definition
Part of the operating system that is responsible for managing the system resources.
Term
MX (mall exchange) record
Definition
An entry in the Domain Name System (DNS) that identifies the mail server responsible for handling that domain name.
Term
NX (No eXecute)
Definition
A bit setting to designate a part of memory to contain only data, not executable code.
Term
packet filter
Definition
Another name for a firewall.
Term
Patch
Definition
A general software security update intended to cover vulnerabilities that have been discovered.
Term
Peer-to-peer (P2P) network
Definition
A direct connection between users.
Term
Personal software firewall
Definition
Software that runs as a program on a local system to protect it against attacks.
Term
POP3
Definition
The current version of Post Office Protocol (POP).
Term
Popup
Definition
A small Web browser window that appears over the Web site that is being viewed.
Term
Popup blocker
Definition
Either a separate program or a feature incorporated within a browser to stop popups.
Term
Post Office Protocol (POP)
Definition
The TCP/IP protocol that handles incoming mail, POP3 is the current version.
Term
Sandbox
Definition
A restrictive fence that surrounds a Java program and keeps it away from private data and other resources on a local computer.
Term
Scripting language
Definition
A computer programming language that is typically interpreted into a language the computer can understand without the need of a compiler.
Term
Security policy
Definition
A document or series of documents that clearly defines the defense mechanisms an organization will employ in order to keep information secure.
Term
Security template
Definition
A method to configure a suite of configuration baseline security settings
Term
Service pack
Definition
A cumulative package of all security updates plus additional features.
Term
Signature files
Definition
Antivirus update files; also known as definition files.
Term
Signed Java applet
Definition
A Java applet from a trusted source.
Term
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Definition
The TCP/IP protocol that handles outgoing mail. SMTP open relay An uncontrolled SMTP relay.
Term
SMTP relay
Definition
Forwarding e-mail sent from an e-mail client to a remote domain through an SMTP server.
Term
Snap-In
Definition
A software module that provides administrative capabilities for a device.
Term
SQL Injection
Definition
An injection attack that uses Structured Query Language.
Term
Swarm
Definition
Downloading parts of a BitTorrent file simultaneously from multiple users.
Term
Third-party cookie
Definition
A cookie that is used by a Web site other than the site that created it.
Term
Torrents
Definition
Active Internet connections that download a specific file through BirTorrent.
Term
Tracker
Definition
A server program operated by the person or organization who wants to share a BirTorrent file.
Term
Unsigned Java applet
Definition
A Java applet that does not come from a trusted source.
Term
Whitelist
Definition
A list of senders for which the user will accept e-mail.
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