Term
|
Definition
| humanists believed that humans beings were capable of mastering the world that they lived in; people thinking logically; women are in the background support the moral educated men |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Gerhard Gerhards – BIRTH NAME
• Dutchman
• didn't trust bishops in priests but STRONGLY believed in Catholic church
• wanted rights for peasants but was paid by nobility
• laid the egg that Luther hatched
• “Philosophy of Christ”
• religion should be a guiding philosophy for everyday live rather than what the Catholic church has built up
• religion needs to be returned to simplicity
• In Praise of Folly (famous work, being sarcastic in writing) – churches abuse of power through -corruption of the priests |
|
|
Term
Thomas Moore
b. 1478
d. 1535 |
|
Definition
• lived ideals that humanists wanted
• trained as lawyer
• Utopia, his book about a perfect world
▪ perfect, thoughtful rational world
▪ his ideas into how society should be
• Chancellor of England under Henry 8th
• refuses to accept changes to Protestant church |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the practice of church officials holding more than one position in the church
The leaders are only doing their one job, not both |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
· Genuinely believed that the devil was physically trying to steal souls
· Doctorate of Salvation/Justification – Luther saying that if we back to the basics and back to Christian faith. We can find salvation through our personal beliefs
· Selling of special indulgence prompted him to write his 95 Thesis
1521- Luther is excommunicated; keeps a firm standing in his words, doesn’t back down from the church
Luther needs a bible in German to continue his reformation of a new church; he translates The Bible into German
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excatly what is sounds like; salvation by our own personal beliefs that is extremely basic from the Bible |
|
|
Term
Ninety-Five Theses
(1517) |
|
Definition
Written by Luther
Selling of special indulgence prompted him to write
o What he sees what is wrong with the church
o Still thinks he can work with the church but the church just wants him to shut up |
|
|
Term
The Peasants War
(1524-1525) |
|
Definition
- most popular and widespread revolution until the French Revolution
- rent (tenant farmers) paid to the Catholic Church for farmland
- can’t afford to live so they revolt
- Luther wants nothing to do with rebellion so people turn to Thomas Muntzer (leader of revolt)
- Luther writes “Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants” making rebels the worse thing you could be |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
signed in 1555 (end idea of mini rebellions that continue)
èLegalizes the Lutheran Church |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o Nobody likes them
o Reject the idea of infant baptisms. (believe in adult baptism)
o Kind of democracy in church
o Felt that the church itself should pick its own minister/leader
§ sometimes pick woman as leaders
o Strict separation of church and state
o Can’t serve in military due to beliefs
o Wouldn’t swear oaths
§ In court/to lord
o Forefathers of Amish & Mennonites |
|
|
Term
John Calvin
(1509-1564)
(Calvinism) |
|
Definition
o 3 signs of salvation
1) Open profession of faith
2) Lead a decent and Godly life
3) Throughout life your will participate in baptism and communion
à First breakoff from Calvinism called Presbyterianism (Scotland)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Idea of Calvinism
§ Before you are born Gods knows your faith (dammed/saved) |
|
|
Term
Henry VIII
b. 1509
d. 1547 |
|
Definition
- Started the English reformation because he wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn (for a male heir but had daughter, Elizabeth I)
- Holy Roman Emperor (Caterine's nephew Charles V) didn't give annulment
- then Passed Act of Supremancy
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
This act makes the King the head of Church in hence removing all power from the pope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Son of Henry VII
The English Book of Common Prayer
o Bible is also in English
- - Extreme Protestant
- - Dies young, unwed and without children
o Mary I become queen of England |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- daughter of Henry VIII with Anne Boyeln
Wanted to compromise
Catholic and Protestant faith
|
|
|
Term
Henry of Navarre
aka
Henry IV of France
(rules 1589-1610)
|
|
Definition
o Issues Edict of Nantos - 1598 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o Issued by Henry IV
§ Catholic is the official religion in France
§ DOESN’T ban Protestant
§ Huguenots have limited rights to worship
· Set number of worships and fortified towns
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
French Calvanists
10% of population but 40-50% of nobility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
èNew emphasis on mysticism and monasticism
èSt. Teresa of Avila (1511-1582) new order of Carmelite nuns
èMonks & nun return to origin ideas of their order
o New wave of piety
èNew orders pop up
o Society of Jesus (The Jesuits)
o Founded by Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556)
o Completely loyal to the Pope |
|
|
