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| In what year did Galileo create his telescope? |
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Definition
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Term
| Until the mid-1500's, whose theory was accepted? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define the Scientific Revolution. |
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Definition
| The Scientific Revolution was the profound historical change that took place in science in the mid-1500's which pointed ahead to a future, shaped by a new way of thinking about the physical universe. |
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Term
| Outline the Heliocentric model of the universe. Specify the astronomer who proposed it and what year he proposed it in. Was it accepted or rejected? |
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Definition
| In 1543, Polish scholar Nicolaus Copernicus published proposed a sun-centred model of the universe in a book that he published. He was saying that the sun was the centre of the universe, while the Earth was one of several planets that revolved around it. It was rejected by most. |
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Term
| Why did scientists reject Nicolaus Copernicus' proposal? |
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Definition
| Because if Ptolemy's reasoning about the planets was wrong, they believed, then the whole system of human knowledge might be called into question. |
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Term
| Who was Tycho Brahe? Specify dates and achievements. |
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Definition
| Tycho Brahe was the Danish Astronomer who provided evidence to support Copermicus's theory in the late 1500's. Brahe set up an astronomical observatory, and monitored the sky accumulating data over years. |
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Term
| What were the achievements of Johannes Kepler? |
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Definition
| Johannes Kepler was the brilliant German astronomer and mathematician who was the assistant to Brahe. He used Brahe's data to calculate the orbits of the planets revolving around the sun. His calculations supported Copernicus's view. He introduced the elliptical orbit path. |
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Term
| Who was Galileo? Specify his achievements and dates. |
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Definition
| Gaileo was the first scientist to put together an astronomical telescope. He observed the four moons of Jupiter revolved around Jupiter itself. His discoveries caused an outroar by having scholars attack him and have the Church condemn him because his ideas challenged Christian teachings. He was tried in 1633, and was about to be put to death unless he revoked his ideas, which he did. |
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Term
| Explain Galileo's trial before the Church. Specify the date. |
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Definition
| In 1633, The Church condemned him because his ideas challenged the Christian teachings that the heavens were fixed, unmoving and perfect, so he was to be put to death unless he announced publicly that Earth stood motionless at the centre of the universe. |
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Term
| Outline the differences between the old and new scientific method. |
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Definition
| The old scientific method based all of its science under an authority which apporved it or not. For example, the Church rejected Galileo's theory, even though it was true, but because it disagreed with an interpreted aspect of Christianity. However the New Scientific Method required a step-by-step process with data as evidence and a logical hypothesis, which should be tested. |
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Term
| Expain how the New Scientific Method could be thought of as a Scientific Revolution. |
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Definition
| The Scientific Method revolutionised the ability for scientists to be able to introduce new theories and hypotheses. Unlike the old scientific method, which was afraid of change and very closed minded, the new scientific method allowed new ideas and thoughts to be taken into account. This was a revolutionary way of thinking of science. |
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Term
| Outline the differences between Bacon and Descartes. |
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Definition
| Both Bacon and Descartes had different ways of arguing and challenging the Church, by claiming that the truth is not known at the beginning of an inquiry but at the end. Bacon however, stressed on experimentation and observation, while Descartes emphasised human reasoning as the best path. |
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Term
| Who was Isaac Newton? What was his impact to the world of science? Specify dates, methods and achievements. |
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Definition
Isaac Newton was a British student who devoured the works of the scientists of his day. By the age of 24, he had formed an excellent theory as to why the planets move the way they did. By seeing and apple fall from a tree, he came up with the idea of gravity as a force to help the planets orbit, and over the next 20 years he perfected this theory.
In 1687, Newton published a book explaining gravity and other workings of the universe. For over 200 years, Newton's laws held fast, until the 1900's when startling new theories began to question Newton's ideas. Yet his laws of motions and mechanics continue to have many practical uses, such as calculus. |
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Term
| Explain the advances of chemical science. |
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Definition
| In the 1600's, Robert Boyle distinguished between individual elements and chemical compounds. He also explained the effect of temperature and pressure on gases. |
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Term
| Timeline the events of the Medicine as it advances through the 1500's and 1600's. |
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Definition
| Medical physicians relied on the work of Galen, but Galen had made many mistakes. In 1543, Andreas Vesalius published a book regarding an in depth study of the human anatomy. Ambroise Pare, developed a new ointment for repelling infection. In the early 1600's, William Harvey introduced the idea of blood circulation involving the heart. Later in the 1600's, Anthony von Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch inventor, perfected the microscope, and became the first person to see cells and micro-organisms. |
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Term
| Explain the Advancement of Science |
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Definition
| The quick advance in Science and Technology, has helped the modern world dramatically. Thinkers like Bacon, Descartes and Newton all used the scientific method, and their work has encouraged others to search for scientific laws such as the Enlightenment in the 1700's. |
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