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section 5 summary
Mr. Newell's Chapter 4 section 5 summary
21
Science
8th Grade
01/10/2011

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Term
radioactive decay
Definition
the atomic nuclei of unstable isotope release fast-moving particles and energy
Term
radioactivity
Definition
being able to spontaneously emit radiation
Term
alpha particle
Definition
two protons, two neutrons, positively charged
Term
beta particle
Definition
fast-moving electron given off by a nucleus during radioactive decay.
Term
gamma radiation
Definition
consists of high energy waves, similar to xrays
Term
tracer
Definition
radioactive isotopes that can be followed through the steps of a chemical reaction or an industrial process.
Term
the atomic nuclei of unstable isotopes releast fast-moving particles and energy
Definition
radioactive decay
Term
He discovered the effects of radioactive decay.
Definition
Becquerel
Term
Bequerel put this away in a drawer
Definition
a sample of radioactive material next to a photographic plate
Term
Becquerel hypothesized that uranium can spontaneously give off
Definition
energy all the time
Term
Marie and Pierre Curie concluded that:
Definition
a reaction was taking place within the uranium nuclei
Term
gamma decay
Definition
radioactive nucleus, no gain or loss of particles
Term
beta decay
Definition
radioactive nucleus, one less neutron, one more proton
Term
alpha decay
Definition
radioactive nucleus, 2 protons and 2 neutrons lost
Term
least penetrating type of radiation
Definition
alpha particle
Term
type of radiation that can cause the most damage to cells in the body
Definition
gamma rays
Term
name three uses of a radioactive isotope
Definition
trace steps of chemical reactions and industrial processes; diagnose and treat disease; provide sources of energy to generate electricity
Term
what are tracers?
Definition
radioactive isotopes that can be followed through the steps of a chemical reaction or an industrial process
Term
how are tracers useful in chemical reactions?
Definition
they help scientists understand natural processes and see the steps in a chemical reaction
Term
scientists use radioactive tracers to:
Definition
study how plants use phosphorus
look for weak spots in metal pipes
Term
how are tracers used in medicine?
Definition
injected into a body, they travel to organs and other structures where that chemical is normally used
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