Term
| What are the 2 major controlling systems of the body? |
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Definition
* Nervous System - controls via impulses
* Endocrine System - controls via hormones. Endocrine glands are ductless and well vasculated. |
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Term
| Differentiate between the Nervous System & the Endocrine System. |
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Definition
Nervous System - transmits chemical messages across synaptic clefts & provides short quick communication (reflex)
* Endocrine System - Transmits chemical messages through the blood stream to target cells. Provides long time communication (growth & development) |
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Term
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Definition
| A gland that secretes hormones into the blood stream |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical that's secreted by one cell & travels through the blood stream to effect the activities of cells in another portion of the body. |
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Term
What are the 8 structures of the Endocrine System?
HAPPPTTO |
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Definition
[image]
1. Hypothalamus
2. Pituitary
3. Thyroid
4. Parathyroid
5. Adrenal
6. Pancreas
7. Testes
8. Ovaries |
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Term
| List & State the functions of the hormones of the anterior pituitary Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis) |
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Definition
[image]
Secretes 7 hormones also called tropic hormone because they turn on endocrine glands that support the functions of other organs. |
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Term
| List & State the functions of the hormones of the anterior pituitary Posterior Lobe (Neurohypophysis) |
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Definition
[image]
* Targets 2 hormones
* ADH
- Antidiuretic Hormone - aka vasopressin.
- Primary function to decrease water volume & raises blood pressure
- released in response to rise in solute concentration in blood, fall in blood volume, decreased blood pressure.
* OXT - Oxytocin
- Smooth muscle contractions in wall of uterus, promoting labour & delivery
- Promotes milk in mammary glands |
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Term
| List & describe the hormones produced by Pineal Gland |
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Definition
CNS Gland
* Melatonin Secretion
- slows the maturation of sperm, oocytes and reproductive organs by reducing the rate of GnRH secretion.
- Plays a roll in timing sexual maturation. Blood levels of melatonin drop at puberty. |
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Term
| List & describe the hormones produced by Thyroid Gland |
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Definition
[image]
Endocrine Gland
Releases special proteins called hormones into the blood stream. |
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Term
| List & describe the hormones produced by Adrenal Cortex |
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Definition
[image]
* Androgens -testosterone - increases muscle, blood & bone growth
* Glucocorticoids (cortisol) - anti-inflammatory effects
* Mineralcorticoids - Increase renal absorption (accelerate Urinary loss) |
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Term
| List & describe the hormones produced by Adrenal Medulla |
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Definition
[image]
*Epinephrine or non-epinephrine (adrenaline)
* Increases cardiac activity
* Increases blood pressure
* Glycogen breakdown
* Blood Glucose Levels
* Release Lipids |
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Term
| Pancreas endocrine portion consists of ...... |
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Definition
Pancreatic islets, which secrete glucagon's & insulin's
* beta cells in the pancreatic |
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Term
| Alpha cells in the pancreatic islets .... |
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Definition
| Secrete the hormone glucagon's in response to a low concentration of glucose in the blood |
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Term
| Beta cells in the pancreatic islets ..... |
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Definition
| Secrete hormone insulin in response to a high concentration of glucose in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
* Secreted from Testes - males sex hormones
* Steroid Hormone responsible for:-
- growth/development of male reproductive structures
- increased skeletal & muscular growth
- enlargement of larynx / voice changes
- increased male sexual drive
- regulated by negative feedback system that involves releasing hormones from the hypothalamus and gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary. |
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Term
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Definition
* Female reproductive organ that produces gametes
* Secretion of female sex hormones;
-oestrogen (fat hips, legs, breast)
-progesterone - periods / pregnancy
*Secretion of inhibin - involved in feedback control of pituitary FSH production. |
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Term
| Which gland is behind the sternum |
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Definition
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Term
| Which gland is in the sphenoid boine |
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Definition
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Term
| Which gland is behind the stomach |
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Definition
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Term
| Which gland is in front of the neck |
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Definition
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Term
| Which gland is under-surface of the thyroid |
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Definition
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Term
| Which gland is on top of the kidney |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| POSTERIOR PITUITARY gland produces |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ANTERIOR PITUITARY gland produces |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| PARATHYROID gland produces |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormone initiates development of male characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormone helps cells use glucose |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormone influences growth |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormone regulates calcium |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormone initiates "flight or fright" response |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormone promotes re-absorption of water in kidney tubules |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormone regulates body metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormone helps body to fight infection |
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Definition
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