Term
| What is the nervous system & primary function? |
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Definition
* Master controlling and communication system of the body.
* Control & co-ordination of the voluntary & involuntary functions of the human body.
* Sensory input - gathered information)
* Integration - process / decide / interpret
* Motor Output - response |
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Term
| Review Nervous System Diagram |
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Definition
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Term
| Central Nervous System - part & function |
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Definition
* Brain & Spinal cord
* Integrative & control centres
* The CNS serves as the control centre for the entire organism and integrates incoming information and determines appropriate responses. |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System - part & function |
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Definition
* Cranial nerves & spinal nerves
* Communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body |
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Term
| Describe a Nerve cell & its function? |
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Definition
* Neurons - transmit information rapidly from one cell to another
* Responsible for sensation & movement |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Explain how Action Potential works? |
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Definition
* Sodium ions move inside the membrane.
* As the traveling signals of nerves and as the localized changes, they set the pace of thought and action, constrain the sizes of evolving anatomies and enable centralized control and coordination of organs and tissues.
* the change in electrical potential that occurs between the inside and outside of a nerve or muscle fibre when it is stimulated, serving to transmit nerve signals. |
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Term
| Differentiate between Grey & White batter found in the brain and spinal cord? |
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Definition
Gray Matter - the region of integration
White Matter - Carries the Information |
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Term
| What are the 5 main structures of the brain? |
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Definition
[image]
1. Cerebrum (Right / Left Hemisphere)
2. Cerebral Cortex (outside cerebrum)
3. Cerebellum
4. Hypothalamus
5. Brain Stem
(Mid Brain, Pons (bridge), Medulla oblongata) |
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Term
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Definition
| Divided into a pair of large cerebral hemispheres (left & right) |
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Term
| CERBRAL CORTEX - Function |
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Definition
Surface of the cerebral hemispheres are highly folded & covered in a superficial layer of gray matter which is called the cerebral cortex
* Outer area of Cerebrum
* Conscious thought
* Memory storage & processing
* sensory processing & regulation of skeletal muscle contraction |
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Term
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Definition
* Partially hidden by cerebral hemispheres is 2nd largest brain structure
* Co-ordination / modulating motor commands from cerebral cortex - balance |
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Term
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Definition
* Contains centres involved with emotions
* Autonomic function
* Hormone Production
* Temperature control
* Thirsty / Hungry
* Autonomic System |
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Term
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Definition
Made up of 3 parts
(a) Mid brain
* Process visual & auditory data;
* generates automatic motor responses (reflex)
* maintains consciousness
(b) Pons (Bridge)
* Relays sensory information to cerebellum & thalamus
* Contains subconscious somatic & visceral / motor centres
(c) Medulla oblongata - continues to become the spinal column
* relays sensory information to thalamus and other portions of the brain stem.
* Contains autonomic centres for regulating visceral function (cardio, respiratory & digestive system activities)
* Reflex centres |
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Term
| What are the SPINAL CORDS major functions? |
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Definition
| Carrying information & co-ordinating reflexes |
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Term
| How does a Reflex Response work? |
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Definition
* Rapid, automatic responses to specific stimuli
* Reflex preserve homeostasis by making rapid adjustments in the function of organs & organ systems.
* A particular reflex can be activated to produce the same motor response |
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Term
| What covers the brain & spinal cord and what is their function? |
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Definition
* Cranial Meninges & cerebrospinal fluid protect & support the brain.
* Spinal cord - meninges, which consists of Dura mater, arachnoid mater & pia mater. Provide necessary spinal cord stability & shock absorption. |
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Term
| Outline the composition, flow & function of cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) |
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Definition
* Clear colourless liquid, bathes brain & spinal cord
* Cushions brain within the skull & serve as a shock absorber for central nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
* Circulates nutrients & chemical filtered from blood
* Removes waste products from the brain
* Protection of brain & spinal cord (fluid filled cushion) produce 150mls per day
* Examining fluid is useful diagnosing diseases of nervous system (ms)
* L3 - lumber puncture taken |
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Term
| Describe composition & function of the Peripheral & Somatic Nervous System (PNS) |
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Definition
* Somatic Nervous System - controls skeletal muscle & external sensory organs such as skin
* Peripheral Nervous System - Connections with various organs & structures of the body established through cranial nerves & spinal nerves. |
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Term
| Name 2 segments of the PNS System and their function. |
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Definition
* Sensory Nervous - sends information to CNS from internal organs from external stimuli
* Motor Nervous - carries information from CNS to organs, muscles & glands |
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Term
| Define SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
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Definition
| Control skeletal muscle as well as external sensory organs - voluntary control (motor component) |
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Term
| Define AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
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Definition
| Controls involuntary muscles, such as smooth & cardiac muscle |
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Term
| Make up of SYMPATHETIC DIVISION |
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Definition
* Controls activities that increase energy expenditures
* Heart rate increases - Blood Glucose increase, oxygenation increase
* FRIGHT or FLIGHT - Adrenaline |
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Term
| Make up of PARASYMPATHEIC DIVISION |
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Definition
* Controls activities that conserve energy expenditures
* REST & DIGEST - Calming |
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Term
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Definition
The Circle of Willis provides multiple paths for oxygenated blood to supply the brain if any of the principal suppliers of oxygenated blood (i.e., the vertebral and internal carotid arteries) are constricted by physical pressure, occluded by disease, or interrupted by injury.
This redundancy of blood supply is generally termed collateral circulation. |
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Term
| Define the BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER & its function |
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Definition
* Biochemically isolates the brains neural tissue from general circulation.
* Membranous structure that protects the brain from chemical levels in the blood while still allowing essential metabolic function.
* Selectively permeable to protect brain cells from harmful substances
* Effected by alcohol, anaesthetic, anti psychotics |
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