Term
| What makes up the Male Genitalia & describe? |
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Definition
Penis, Urethra, Scrotum, Testes, Scrotum, Ducts, Foreskin
[image]
• The outer foreskin layer is a continuation of the skin of the shaft of the penis.
• The inner foreskin layer - mucutaneous tissue of a unique type found nowhere else on the body.
• The ridged band is the interface (join) between the outer and inner foreskin layers. When the penis is not erect, it tightens to narrow the foreskin opening. During erection, the ridged band forms ridges that go all the way around, about halfway down the shaft.
• The reddish or purplish glans or glans penis (head of the penis) is smooth, shiny, moist and extremely sensitive.
• The frenulum, or frenum, is a connecting membrane on the underside of the penis, similar to that beneath the tongue. |
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Term
| How does an Erection occur? |
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Definition
* Smooth muscle fibres in arterial blood vessels dilate in response to sexual stimulation.
* Vascular spaces fills with blood
* 3 Spongy bodies engorge with blood
* Parasympathetic nerve control |
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Term
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Definition
* The scrotum is the thick-skinned- sac that surrounds and protects the testes.
* The scrotum also acts as a climate-control system for the testes, because they need to be slightly cooler than body temperature for normal sperm development. |
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Term
| Name the internal structures of the male reproductive organs |
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Definition
* EPIDIDYMIS
* VAS DEFERENS (DUCTUS DEFERENS)
* EJACULATORY DUCT
* URETHRA
* SEMINAL VESICLES (SEMINAL GLANDS)
* COWPERS GLANDS (BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS)
* PROSTATE GLAND
* TESTES |
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Term
| EPIDIDYMIS - Structure & Function |
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Definition
* Set of Coiled Tubes that connects to Vas deferens - 1 for each testes)
* The epididymis collects sperm from the testes and provides the environment for sperm to mature and acquire the ability to move through the female reproductive system and fertilize an ovum. |
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Term
| VAS DEFERENS - Structure & Function |
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Definition
* Tube that runs from epididymis upward alongside the testicles * transports the spermatozoa.
* Can store animated sperm for several months at a time. |
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Term
| EJACTULATORY DUCT - Structure & Function |
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Definition
| * Carries fluid from the seminal glad & ampulla to the urethra. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tube that extends from urinary bladder to the exterior and coveys urine & semen to the exterior. |
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Term
| SEMINAL VESICLES (Seminal glands) - Structure & Function |
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Definition
* 2 small saclike glands, located on each side of the bladder
* Add nutrient fluid to semen during ejaculation
* Determines alkaline & pH
* Activates movement of sperm |
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Term
| COWPERS GLANDS (Bulbourethral glands) - STRUCTURE & FUNCTION |
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Definition
During sexual arousal produces clear, salty viscous secretion known as pre-ejaculate.
* Used as lubrication in urethra for sperm to pass through & flush out any residual urine or foreign matter. |
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Term
| PROSTATE GLAND - STRUCTURE & FUNCTION |
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Definition
| A gland in male mammals surrounding the urethra at the base of the bladder that controls release of urine from the bladder and secretes a fluid which is a major constituent of semen |
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Term
| TESTES - STRUCTURE & FUNCTION |
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Definition
* The testes are located in the scrotum, which keeps them outside the body.
* 2 primary functions: producing sperm (which carry the man's genes) and producing testosterone (the primary male sex hormone). |
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Term
| What is the composition of Semen? |
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Definition
* Amino acids & fructose (sugar)- provide food for the sperm
* Prostaglandins - aids in stopping female immune system from rejecting sperm
* Other Substances - citric acid, enzymes, flavones, protiens & vitamin C.
* Zinc - stops parts of sperm containing DNA from breaking up. Low zinc levels in males causes low qty/level sperm |
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Term
| How does ejaculation occur? |
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Definition
| the sudden emission of semen from the male urethra, usually during copulation, masturbation, or nocturnal emission. It is a reflex action in two phases. In the first phase, sperm, seminal fluid, and prostatic and bulbourethral gland secretions are moved into the urethra. In the second phase, strong spasmodic peristaltic contractions force ejaculation. The sensation of ejaculation is commonly also called orgasm . The fluid volume of the ejaculate is usually between 2 and 5 mL. Each milliliter usually contains 50 million to 150 million spermatozoa. |
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Term
| List the external genitalia of the female reproductive system |
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Definition
[image]
1. Mons Pubis
2. Clitoris
3. Outer Lips (labia majora)
4. Inner Lips (labia minora)
5. Perineum
6. Anus |
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Term
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Definition
| A fatty pad covered with skin and pubic hair located just above the vaginal lips. The fat and pubic hair act as a cushion during intercourse to prevent bruising caused by impact between the pubic bones of each partner |
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Term
| Outer Lips (Labia Majora) |
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Definition
| The soft, fatty, skin-covered tissue that encloses and protects the rest of the vulva. The outer lips swell with blood during sexual intercourse |
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Term
| Inner Lips (Labia Minora) |
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Definition
| The thinner more delicate folds of skin surrounding the inner components of the vulva. They produce secretions from oil glands to keep the vaginal opening moist. They contain many nerve endings that are stimulated during sex. Like the outer lips, they swell with blood during sexual arousal. Toward the front, the lips join forming the clitoral hood, which protects the clitoris |
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Term
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Definition
| The clitoris is the most sensitive part of the entire genital area. The sole function of this tiny pea sized structure is to bring pleasure to the female during sexual arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| The exit for urine located just above or in front of the vaginal orifice. This little piece of anatomy is not classified as genitalia |
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Term
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Definition
| The opening of the vagina to the outside of the body. The exit for menstrual flow and birth and the entrance for the penis during sexual intercourse. |
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Term
| OVARIES - FEMALE INTERNAL STRUCTURE |
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Definition
[image]
Small, lumpy, almond shaped organs near lateral walls of pelvic cavity.
3 main functions.
1. produce immature female gametes / oocytes
2. secretion of female sex hormones, including estragon & progesterone
3. secretion of inhibin, involved in feedback control of pituitary FSH Production. |
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Term
| FALLOPIAN TUBES - FEMALE INTERNAL STRUCTURE |
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Definition
[image]
* Begins with an expanded funnel called infundibulum, that opens into pelvic cavity along the medial surface of the ovary. The other end of the fallopian / uterine tube opens into the uterine cavity.
* Fallopian tubes connect ovaries to Uterus.
* Captures egg released from ovaries each month after ovulation, nourishing the fertilised egg during its earliest divisions & delivering it to the uterus for implantation once fertilised. |
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Term
| UTERUS - FEMALE INTERNAL STRUCTURE |
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Definition
[image]
* womb size & shape of an inverted pair.
* Sits low in abdomen & held in position my muscles, ligaments & fibrous tissue.
* Joined to vagina by cervix (neck of womb)
* Nurtures fertilised ovum that develops into a foetus & holding it until baby until birth.
* Ovum is implanted in endometrium which provides nourishment from its blood vessels.
* Provides structural integrity & support to bladder, bowel, pelvic bones & organs.
* Separates bladder & bowel. |
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Term
| VAGINA - FEMALE INTERNAL STRUCTURE |
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Definition
[image]
* The vagina is an elastic, muscular canal with a soft, flexible lining that provides lubrication and sensation. The vagina connects the uterus to the outside world. The vulva and labia form the entrance, and the cervix of the uterus protrudes into the vagina, forming the interior end.
* The vagina receives the penis during sexual intercourse and also serves as a conduit for menstrual flow from the uterus. During childbirth, the baby passes through the vagina (birth canal).
* The hymen is a thin membrane of tissue that surrounds and narrows the vaginal opening. It may be torn or ruptured by sexual activity or by exercise |
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Term
| FEMALE MAMMARY GLAND - Primary Function & Structure |
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Definition
* Produces mild to feed their young
* Breasts - each has clusters of alveoli or sacs in which milk is produced. Alveoli release milk into ducts, which work like pipes to transport milk to the nipples. |
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Term
| MENSTRAL CYCLE - Function |
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Definition
| Monthly series of physiological changes where an egg is produced (ovulation), uterine walls thickens allowing for egg implantation if fertilisation occurs. |
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Term
| MENSTRUATION (MENSES) - Function |
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Definition
| If implantation doesn't occur, the lining of the uterus breaks down & is discharged during menstruation. |
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Term
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Definition
When female menstruation first begins.
During the menarche period, it maybe irregular / light, aka female puberty. |
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Term
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Definition
| Represents the end of menstruation - gradual process. |
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Term
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Definition
28 Days
* 1-4/5 = Menses / Menstration - decrease is oestrogen & progesterone
* 4/5-14 - Proliferative (Pre-Ovulatory) - Anterior Pituitary gland releases follicle stimulating Hormones (FSH) which stimulates development of an ovarian follicle in the ovary. As follicle is developing, it secretes oestrogen.
In the Uterus, oestrogen causes repair & regrowth (proliferation) of the endometrium. As oestrogen levels rise FSH falls which causes anterior pituitary to release luteinising hormone (LH)
*14 - Ovulation - Sudden LH rise causes ovarian follicle to rupture (ovulation) thus releasing the mature ovum. The remnant of follicle is now called the corpus luteum.
* 14-28 Secretory (Post Ovulation)
Corpus Lutum (in the ovary) releases progesterone.
* Progesterone causes the endometrium to increase & become thick in preparation for the fertilised ovum.
* If fertilisation occurs: ovum implants into endometrium = pregnant. Corpus luteum continues to produce oestrogen & progesterone which supports the pregnancy for 2-3 months (until placenta takes over). Menstral cycle will be stopped.
*If fertilisation doesn't occur - corpus luteum degenerates causing levels of oestrogen and progesterone to fall which cause the endometrium to shed (menses) and the cycle continues. |
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Term
| FEMALE MAMMARY GLAND - Primary Function & Structure |
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Definition
* Produces mild to feed their young
* Breasts - each has clusters of alveoli or sacs in which milk is produced. Alveoli release milk into ducts, which work like pipes to transport milk to the nipples. |
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Term
| MENSTRAL CYCLE - Function |
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Definition
| Monthly series of physiological changes where an egg is produced (ovulation), uterine walls thickens allowing for egg implantation if fertilisation occurs. |
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Term
| MENSTRUATION (MENSES) - Function |
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Definition
| If implantation doesn't occur, the lining of the uterus breaks down & is discharged during menstruation. |
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Term
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Definition
When female menstruation first begins.
During the menarche period, it maybe irregular / light, aka female puberty. |
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Term
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Definition
| Represents the end of menstruation - gradual process. |
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Term
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Definition
28 Days
* 1-4/5 = Menses / Menstration - decrease is oestrogen & progesterone
* 4/5-14 - Proliferative (Pre-Ovulatory) - Anterior Pituitary gland releases follicle stimulating Hormones (FSH) which stimulates development of an ovarian follicle in the ovary. As follicle is developing, it secretes oestrogen.
In the Uterus, oestrogen causes repair & regrowth (proliferation) of the endometrium. As oestrogen levels rise FSH falls which causes anterior pituitary to release luteinising hormone (LH)
*14 - Ovulation - Sudden LH rise causes ovarian follicle to rupture (ovulation) thus releasing the mature ovum. The remnant of follicle is now called the corpus luteum.
* 14-28 Secretory (Post Ovulation)
Corpus Lutum (in the ovary) releases progesterone.
* Progesterone causes the endometrium to increase & become thick in preparation for the fertilised ovum.
* If fertilisation occurs: ovum implants into endometrium = pregnant. Corpus luteum continues to produce oestrogen & progesterone which supports the pregnancy for 2-3 months (until placenta takes over). Menstral cycle will be stopped.
*If fertilisation doesn't occur - corpus luteum degenerates causing levels of oestrogen and progesterone to fall which cause the endometrium to shed (menses) and the cycle continues. |
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Term
| The specialised sex cells in the male are? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Male sex glands also called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The testes are normally located in a sac that is suspended between the thighs, what is the sac called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The bulk of the tissue of the testes is arranged in tubules called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The spermatozoa mature and become mobile within a temporary storage area, a 6 metre tube called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The straight upward extension of the epididymis is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Behind the urinary bladder is the male are two tortuous muscular tubes with glandular linings? |
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Definition
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Term
| The vas deferens on each side is joined by the duct from the seminal vesicle to form a tube that carries spermatozoa through the prostate. What is the name of the tube? |
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Definition
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Term
| In males, a single tube conveys urine and semen to the outside via? |
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Definition
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Term
| The external genitalia of the male include the scrotum and what else? |
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Definition
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Term
| In ejaculation, a mixture of spermatozoa and secretions is expelled? What is the other ingredient? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between sperm and semen. |
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Definition
Sperm - actual sex cells
Semen - The semen is the combined product of male reproductive organs |
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