Term
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Definition
| Reproductive cells; haploid |
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Term
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Definition
| Sperm and egg fuse to form zygote. |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| Mitotic divisions that immediately follow fertilization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hollow ball of around 16-64 cells with a blastocoel. |
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Term
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Definition
| Central cavity formed in the blastula. |
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Term
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Definition
| The area of blastula that begins to collapse inward during gastrulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Multilayered embryo formed due to gastrulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blastopore becomes a mouth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blastopore becomes an anus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells divide parallel or perpendicular to polar axis of blastula. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cells differentiate at 4 cell stage; need all 4 cells for an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| At 4 cell stage, cells can be separated and form 4 different organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
Cells at junction of endoderm and ectoderm for mesoderm; protostomes
"Split coelom" |
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Term
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Definition
Endoderm cells form mesoderm; deuterostomes
"Gut coelom" |
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Term
| What is the difference in male and female gametes? What is each gamete's role? |
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Definition
Male- Small, motile, gene carrier (quantity over quality)
Female- Large, gives organelles and genes (quality over quantity) |
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Term
| Describe the process of fertilization. What mechanisms ensure no double fertilization? |
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Definition
| Sperm race to enter the egg. The egg has a membrane that must fuse with the sperm membrane, and the nucleus enters the egg. Once the first sperm enters the egg, the egg changes so that other sperm cannot enter. When two nuclei fuse, the cell becomes diploid. |
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Term
| What is unique about the first few divisions of a zygote? |
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Definition
| The cell goes under mitosis and multiplies without making the cell any larger and it organises the cells. |
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Term
| Describe the process of gastrulation. How does this lead to tissue/germ layer formation? |
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Definition
| An area of blastula, the blastopore, begins to collapse inward, forming a gut/stomach and creates a cavity. This process creates two layers of cells (germ layers), the endoderm and ectoderm. The blastopore (hole) turns into a mouth or anus. |
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Term
| Can you describe and list the differences between protostomes and deuterostomes? |
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Definition
Protostomes:
Spiral cleavage
Determinate cleavage
Schizocoely
Deuterostomes:
Radial cleavage
Indeterminate cleavage
Enterocoely |
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