Term
What is the Principle/Procedure for the following Test:
Kligler Iron Agar (KIA) |
|
Definition
Determines MOs ability to produce H2S and to ferment glucose and lactose.
Stab butt & streak slant
pH indicator: phenol Red |
|
|
Term
What is the Principle/Procedure for the following Test:
Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI) |
|
Definition
TSI detects glucose, lactose, and sucrose fermentation.
Essentially same purpose as KIA
TSI & KIA Inoculated & read in same manner |
|
|
Term
What is the Principle/Procedure for the following Test:
Oxidative-fermentative (OF) |
|
Definition
Determines if an MO can use a carbohydrate oxidatively, fermentatively, or not at all.
Acids formed when carbohydrate used.
Inoculate MO into 2 tubes. Oil is added to 1 tube to exclude O2; 1 tube is left open |
|
|
Term
What is the Principle/Procedure for the following Test:
Porphyrin |
|
Definition
Determines if an isolate of Haemophilus requires X Factor.
Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) --> porphobilinogen --> Porphyrins --> Hemin
Porphobilinogen detected by Kovac's Reagent
Porphyrins detected by Wood's Lamp |
|
|
Term
For KIA, what color does the media turn if it is:
Acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For KIA, what color does the media turn if it is:
Alkaline |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For KIA, what color does the media turn if:
H2S is Produced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For KIA, what color does the media turn if:
No Change has occurred |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the apprearance of the KIA media if Gas has been produced by the MO? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does the KIA media bubble and crack if Gas has been produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What will be the appearance of the KIA media IF:
Glucose fermented & lactose not fermented |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What will be the appearance of the KIA media IF:
Glucose & Lactose Fermented |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What will be the appearance of the KIA media IF:
Glucose Fermented, Lactose Not Fermented, & H2S Produced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What will be the appearance of the KIA media IF:
Glucose fermented, Lactose fermented, and H2S Produced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What will be the appearance of the KIA media IF:
Glucose is Not fermented |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do KIA & TSI Reactions Differ? |
|
Definition
| Reactions are different for lactose = & sucrose + MOs |
|
|
Term
| Which agar media detects glucose and lactose fermentation only? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which agar media detects glucose, lactose, & sucrose fermentation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With OF, which carbohydrates are tested for? |
|
Definition
Glucose (most commonly tested)
Lactose, Maltose, Fructose, Mannitol, and Xylose |
|
|
Term
| Proteus vulgaris is K/A with H2S on KIA, what is it on TSI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S. marcescens & Yersinia enterocolitica are K/A on KIA, what are they on TSI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the phenol indicator for OF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With the OF Test, What color does an Acid produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With the OF Test, What color does an Alkaline produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of MO will have the following results for an OF Test:
Open Tube: +
Closed Tube: + |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of MO will have the following results for an OF Test:
Open Tube: +
Closed Tube: = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of MO will have the following results for an OF Test:
Open Tube =
Closed Tube = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What color does the Kovac's Reagent turn if the MO does NOT need X Factor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What color does the Kovac's Reagent turn if the MO does require X Factor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the MO with the Wood's Light/Lamp if it does NOT need X Factor to grow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the MO with the Wood's Light/Lamp if it does need X factor to grow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde |
|
|
Term
| What does Wood's Lamp emit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What reagent does the Spot Indole Test use? |
|
Definition
| p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde |
|
|
Term
| What reagent does the Tube Indole Test use? |
|
Definition
| p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde |
|
|
Term
| What is the Principle/Procedure for the Bacitracin disk, Novobiocin Disk, and Optochin Disk? |
|
Definition
Inoculate agar plate for confluent growth with isolate
Place disk ont inoculated area
Incubate plate
Measure zone of inhibition |
|
|
Term
What will the media look like if it is Susceptible for the following test:
Bacitracin Disk (A Disk) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What will the media look like if it is Susceptible for the following test:
Novobiocin Disk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What will the media look like if it is Susceptible for the following test:
Optochin Disk |
|
Definition
| Zone > or = to a certain zone size (varies with disk size) |
|
|
Term
What will the media look like if it is Resistant for the following test:
Bacitracin Disk (A Disk) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What will the media look like if it is Resistant for the following test:
Novobiocin Disk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What will the media look like if it is Resistant for the following test:
Optochin Disk |
|
Definition
| Zone < a certain zone size (varies with disk size) |
|
|
Term
| Some MOs are susceptible to how many units of Bacitracin disk (A Disk)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some MOs are susceptible to how many units of Novobiocin disk? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the gram-stain appearance of each of the following Anaerobes:
Actinomyces |
|
Definition
GP Branching Rods
May Appear Beaded |
|
|
Term
What is the colony morphology of each of the following Anaerobes:
Actinomyces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the gram-stain appearance of each of the following Anaerobes:
Clostridium perfringens |
|
Definition
GP Box-Car Shaped Rods
(Spores rarely observed) |
|
|
Term
What is the colony morphology of each of the following Anaerobes:
Clostridium perfringens |
|
Definition
| Double Zone of Beta-Hemolysis |
|
|
Term
What is the gram-stain appearance of each of the following Anaerobes:
Propionibacterium |
|
Definition
Pleomorphic GPR
Anaerobic Diptheroids |
|
|
Term
What is the gram-stain appearance of each of the following Anaerobes:
Fusobacterium nucleatum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the colony morphology of each of the following Anaerobes:
Fusobacterium nucleatum |
|
Definition
"Bread Crumb"
"Ground Glass"
Speckled, Smooth |
|
|
Term
What is the gram-stain appearance of each of the following Anaerobes:
Bacteroides fragilis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the colony morphology of each of the following Anaerobes:
Bacteroides fragilis |
|
Definition
| Bacteroides bile-esculin agar: Black |
|
|
Term
What is the gram-stain appearance of each of the following Anaerobes:
Bacteroides ureolyticus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the colony morphology of each of the following Anaerobes:
Bacteroides ureolyticus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the gram-stain appearance of each of the following Anaerobes:
Prevotella |
|
Definition
| GNR, Coccobacilli to pleomorphic |
|
|
Term
What is the colony morphology of each of the following Anaerobes:
Prevotella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the gram-stain appearance of each of the following Anaerobes:
Porphyromonas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the colony morphology of each of the following Anaerobes:
Porphyromonas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Fluorescence color of Porphyromonas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the gram-stain appearance of each of the following Anaerobes:
Peptostreptococcus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the gram-stain appearance of each of the following Anaerobes:
Veillonella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Fluorescence color of Veillonella? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Fluorescence color of Fusobacterium nucleatum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What color will pigmented species of Prevotella fluorescence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What color will non-pigmented species of Prevotella fluorescence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the term "selective reporting" mean? |
|
Definition
| Not all AST results are routinely reported. |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of "selective reporting"? |
|
Definition
| Vancomycin results may not be reported on staph susceptible to oxacillin |
|
|
Term
| What McFarland standard is recommended for preparing the bacterial suspensions that are used in ASTs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the expected effect when a higher McFarland standard (e.g., 1.0) is used? |
|
Definition
| False Resistance when inoculum is too high |
|
|
Term
| What is the expected effect when a lower McFarland standard (e.g., 0.1) is used? |
|
Definition
| False Susceptibility when inoculum is too low |
|
|
Term
With respect to methicillin/oxacillin resistant staphylococci: Cefoxitin screen disk is used to predict resistance to oxacillin.
How long should a cefoxitin disk test be incubated before reporting an isolate susceptible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to methicillin/oxacillin resistant staphylococci: Cefoxitin screen disk is used to predict resistance to oxacillin.
Should transmitted or reflected light be used to examine the cefoxitin zone of inhibition in the agar disk diffusion test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With respect to methicillin/oxacillin resistant staphylococci: What methods are recommended by CLSI for screening for methicillin/oxacillin resistant staphylococci? |
|
Definition
| Cefoxitin disk screen test, Lates agglutination test for PBP2a, or an oxacillin screen plate |
|
|
Term
| With respect to methicillin/oxacillin resistant staphylococci: How should beta-lactam antimicrobial test results be reported when a staphylococcus is cefoxitin resistant (means the organisms are resistant to oxacillin)? |
|
Definition
| Cefoxitin resistant staph are clinically resistant to all beta-lactams NO matter what the laboratory results. These MOs should be reported as resistant. |
|
|
Term
| With respect to methicillin/oxacillin resistant staphylococci: The "D" Test is valid for use with all Staphylococcus speacies. What does the test determine? |
|
Definition
| Determines if erythromysin resistance can induce resistance to clindamycin |
|
|
Term
| With respect to methicillin/oxacillin resistant staphylococci: The "D" Test is valid for use with all Staphylococcus speacies. What does a positive result mean? |
|
Definition
| Positive (D shape on disk diffusion) means Clindamycin can't be used to treat the infection. |
|
|
Term
What is the maximum number of minutes that can elapse from the time the:
Standardized suspension is prepared until the agar plate in the disk diffusion test is inoculated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the maximum number of minutes that can elapse from the time the:
microtiter plate is inoculated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the maximum number of minutes that can elapse from the time the:
Agar plate is inoculated (in the disk diffusion test) until the disks are added to the plate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the recommended incubation temperature for ASTs? |
|
Definition
35 degrees Celsius
(NOT 35-37) |
|
|
Term
| What is the endpoint in a broth MIC test? |
|
Definition
| Lowest drug concentration that inhibits visible growth |
|
|
Term
| What controls should be included in each MIC broth test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the acceptable result for each control in the MIC broth tes? |
|
Definition
Sterility - No Growth
Growth - Turbidity |
|
|
Term
| How ofen should AST QC tests be performed? |
|
Definition
| QC should be performed each time AST is performed unless proficiency documented and each time a test component is changed. |
|
|
Term
| AST QC, once proficiency is documented for what time interval does QC need to be performed? |
|
Definition
| QC can be performed weekly |
|
|
Term
| What procedure9s) should be followed if a test is "out-of-control" and there is an obvious reason? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What procedure9s) should be followed if a test is "out-of-control" and there is NO obvious reason? |
|
Definition
| Perfrom QC Daily for 5 days, lab can return to weekly QC if all results acceptable. |
|
|
Term
| If QC performed weekly, corrective action must be taken if more than ______ results are unacceptable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to testing pneumococci for penicillin resistance with the disk diffusion test:
What disk should be used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to testing pneumococci for penicillin resistance with the disk diffusion test:
What does a result that is less than the cutoff zone size mean? |
|
Definition
| MO may or may not be resistant to penicillin |
|
|
Term
| Name 2 tests taht can be used to determine a pneumococcal isolate's penicillin MIC |
|
Definition
| E-Test & Broth MIC, using MH broth supplemented with cations & lysed horse blood |
|
|
Term
| What drug combinations are used to treat serious enterococcal infections? |
|
Definition
Penicilin + Aminoglycoside
Vancomycin + Aminoglcoside (gentamicin or streptomycin) |
|
|
Term
With respect to high-level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococci:
What is its clinical significance? |
|
Definition
| Infections caused by an enterococcus with high level aminoglycoside resistance can NOT be successfully treated with combination therapy. |
|
|
Term
With respect to high-level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococci:
Which aminoglycosides are tested? |
|
Definition
| Gentamicin and Streptomycin |
|
|
Term
True or False:
MO with High level resistance to gentamicin can NOT be treated with gentamicin + Penicillin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to high-level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococci:
Is a High or Low drug concentration used? |
|
Definition
High Drug Concentration
(500-2000 micrograms/mililiter) |
|
|
