Term
|
Definition
| study of the use of resources by society and how the resources are used to achieve society's wants; achieving the maximum amount of ability with limited resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| value of the best next alterntative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nature of marginal benefit and marginal cost curves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
difference between total benefit and total cost
-need to undertake an activity until MB=MC to maximize benefit
-decision made when MB>=MC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| market left to itself may not allocate resources efficiently (externalities, public goods, asymmetric info, monopoly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| external costs and benefits (pollution, doesn't have a $ value, vaccinations, can be positive or negative) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| goods everybody has access to, pure public goods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excludable but non-rivalrous "club goods" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-excludable but rivalrous (fish stocks, forests) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-excludable and non-rivalrous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
market value of all goods and services produced for final consumption
-measurement and comparison of economic output
-per capita GDP
-GDP/total pop for per capita |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| natural, human and manufactured |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-machines
-can we substitute these for natural capital? |
|
|
Term
| "Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| value of total capital stock should not decline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| value of the stock of natural capital should not decline |
|
|
Term
| strong sustainability and renewable resources |
|
Definition
| sustained growth of welfare if rate of extraction < rate of regeneration |
|
|
Term
| strong sustainability and non-renewable resources |
|
Definition
| offset depletion of non-renewable resources and invest in production of comparable services from renewable resources |
|
|
Term
| environmental sustainability |
|
Definition
physical flows of individual natural resources should be maintained
-not merely the value of the aggregate
-is substitution between and within different forms of capital allowed? |
|
|
Term
| quantifying sustainable development |
|
Definition
| growth in GDP per capital as a measure of sustainable development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| living and non-living things around us, humans depend on a healthy, fucntion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
perpetually renewed
renewable over short periods
-sustainable yield
-relative rates of extraction and replenishment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-arise from the normal functioning of natural systems
-degrading of ecosystem services |
|
|
Term
| population and economic growth |
|
Definition
-greater exploitation of resources
-private ownership
-gov. regulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-environmental impact of a pop
>area of land and water needed to supply and dispose/recycle waste |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| per capita ecological footpring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how the natural world works and how humanity interacts with it |
|
|
Term
| millenium ecosystem assessment 2005 |
|
Definition
| humans have drastically altered the ecosystem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deal with question of what we value and how, those values influence our decisions and actions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ensemble of knowledge, beliefs and values and learned ways of life shared by a group of people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reflects beliefs about the meaning, operation and essence of the world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| philosophy that involves the study of good and bad and right and wrong regarding the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| value something for it's pragmatic benefits it brings us if we put it to use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a thing has a right to exist and is valuable for its own sake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| human-centered view of our relationship with the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ascribes intrinsic and non-human value to certain living things or to the biotic realm |
|
|
