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| The treaty of non-aggression between Germany and the Soviet Union. Pledged to remain neutral in the event that either was attacked by a third party. Remained in effect till Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. Also divided Northern and Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence. Done by the two foreign ministers |
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| FDR, Churchill, and Stalin meeting before the end of the war. Main reason was to discuss Europe’s post-war reorganization/ the reestablishment of nation of war-torn Europe – also how to govern post-war Germany. |
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| Points Discussed at The Yalta Conference |
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| Points Were Unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany and separation into Four occupied zones, Germany would undergo demilitarization and denazification, Discuss the status of Poland, The polish eastern border would be the Curzon line, Churchill pushed for free elections in Poland, Roosevelt obtained a commitment from Stalin that the USSR would participate in the UN, Stalin agreed to enter the fight against Japan 90 days after the defeat of Germany, Persecution of Nazi War Criminals |
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| Stalin, Truman, and Churchill as well as Attlee, gathered to determine the punishment of the former Nazi Germany (who had agreed to unconditional surrender 9 weeks earlier). Also discussed peace treaties, post-war order, and countering the effects of the war |
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| Changes that had occurred since the Yalta Conference at the Potsdam Conference |
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| Soviet Union was occupying Eastern Europe, United Kingdom had a new prime minister, American had a new president (Truman) - Truman distrusted communism, saw control of Europe as aggressive expansionism, Stalin had rejected early withdrawal from iran, and US had tested the atomic bomb |
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| Agreements made at Potsdam about Germany |
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| Demilitarization, Democratization, Denazification, Decentralization, Decartelization, prosecute nazi war criminals, reversal of annexations and movement of the border, war reparations to the soviet union |
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| Agreements made at Potsdam about Poland |
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| Gave soviet union political control, soviet union would settle poland's reparation claims from its own reparations |
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| 1945-46, emergence of crucial issues |
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| the cold war took shape, began the practice of containment in America |
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| Period from 1950 - 1962, cold war was at its height |
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| 1963-1969, relaxing of tensions |
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| tensions renewed in 1979 – soviet invasion of Afghanistan, iran, Reagan, military and economic issues |
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| Wind down of conflict and the fall of the Soviet Union |
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| Speech given by Winston Churchill at Westminster College in Fulton Missouri – called the soviet union the iron curtain – not initially accepted, but the term eventually was. |
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| American support for nations resisting armed coalition |
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| Also titled Article X, it was an extremely long telegram that addressed the soviet conflict. Kennan was the Deputy Chief of Mission to the Soviet Union. The telegram was in reply to the U.S. embassy’s question as to why Moscow was not supporting the World bank and the international monetary fund. Five problems he addressed |
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| Points addressed in Article X |
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| USSR felt they were in a continual war with capitalism, left wing noncommunist groups an even worse enemy, would use controllable marxists in the capitalist world as allies, soviet aggression fueled by nationalism and neurosis, structure of government prevented accurate internal or external view of reality |
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| policy using military, economic and diplomatic strategies to stall the spread of communism, term initiated by kennan |
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| large scale program to aid Europe after world war two in attempt to halt the spread and contain communism. Aid offered all over Europe, including those under soviet rule. Delivered about 13 billion in aid and communists forbidden to participate in elections, Cominform formed as an official leg of international communist movement. |
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| mutual defense treaty signed by eight communist states in Eastern Europe – Albania, Bulgaria, Czech, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the USSR. |
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| an economy in which decisions regarding production and investment are embodied in a plan formulated by a central authority, usually by a government agency. Reasoning s that the consolidation of resources can take advantage of perfect information regarding investment and production. Government controls all major sectors of the economy |
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| 1919-1943 – was an international communist organization initiated in Moscow. Goal was to overthrow the bourgeoisie internationally and for the creation of an international soviet republic as a transition stage to a complete abolition of the state |
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| official forum of the international communist movement after the dissolution of the comintern. It was founded in 1947 |
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