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Second HTC Test
Flashcards with correct answers for lectures 13-20
178
Architecture
Undergraduate 2
08/05/2010

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Cards

Term
One explanation for the rugged silhoutte of the many of GaudiÕs buildings is the influence of what spiritual landmark?
Definition
Mt. Serrat, the primary Catalonian religious landmark, supposed location of holy grail
Term
Major difference between HortaÕs designs and Guimards was
Definition
Guimard was biological and 3d; Horta was 2d and design was only on one surface
Term
What two structural elements unique to his time did Gaudi employ in many of his buildings?
Definition
Parabolic Curve and Inclined/slanted columns
Term
One explanation for the rugged silhoutte of the many of GaudiÕs buildings is the influence of what spiritual landmark?
Definition
Mt. Serrat, the primary Catalonian religious landmark, supposed location of holy grail
Term
Major difference between HortaÕs designs and Guimards was
Definition
Guimard was biological and 3d; Horta was 2d and design was only on one surface
Term
What two structural elements unique to his time did Gaudi employ in many of his buildings?
Definition
Parabolic Curve and Inclined/slanted columns
Term
The author of Entretiens of 1863, which argued for a return to regional building and quoted gothic architecture as the model of a structurally rational style was?
Definition
Violet Led Duc
Term
Hector Guimard is best known for the design of the
Definition
Paris subway stations
Term
Why did Gaudi incline his columns
Definition
minimize thrust
Term
The other major Belgian Art Nouveau architect besides Horta was
Definition
Van de Velde
Term
List two of Viollet le ducÕs major ideas that were very influential during the 1880s and 1890s
Definition
material integrity and regionalism
Term
The trademark formal element of Art Nouveau architect besides Horta was
Definition
Van de Velde
Term
What theoretician was very influential on the work of victor horta
Definition
violet le duc
Term
Describe GaudiÕs technique of structural analysis and design
Definition
ration is spiritual, fishing wire and weights then flipped
Term
The Belgian Art Nouveau architect who eventually moved to Berlin was
Definition
Van de Velde
Term
The German equivalent of Art Nouveau architect who eventually moved to Berlin was
Definition
Van de Velde
Term
The german equivalent of Art Nouveau was called
Definition
Jugendshtil
Term
List three architectural movements in the 19th century that we have studied this quarter that were manifestations of the rise of nationalism
Definition
Art Nouveau, Arts and Crafts, National Romanticism, and Succesion
Term
The Paris subway stations were designed by
Definition
Hector Guimard
Term
The difference between HortaÕs curvilinear lines and those of van de Velde was
Definition
Horta was asymmetrical, van de velde simpler and more order and symmetrical
Term
The best explanation for the inspiration of the exterior form of Sagrada Familia is
Definition
shape of Mt Serrat
Term
The theoretician who had the greatest influence on the development of Art Nouveau architecture was
Definition
Violet Le Duc
Term
GaudiÕs patron in Barcelona was
Definition
Guell
Term
Victor Horta is known for what stle of architecture
Definition
Art Nouveau
Term
A distinguishing motif of Art Nouveau was the
Definition
whiplash line
Term
The arches used by Gaudi had what profile
Definition
parabolic
Term
Art nouveau architecture originated in what country
Definition
Belgium
Term
The architect known for his wire and fishing weight models used to determine the structure of his buildings was
Definition
Gaudi
Term
What project by Mackintosh exhibited at the Secession had a profound influence on these designers
Definition
house for an art lover
Term
The nickname given to the group of four designers centerd around Mackintosh because of the colors and forms they used was the
Definition
immortals/Glasgow Four
Term
Margaret McDonaldÕs signiture motif was the
Definition
rose
Term
The city that was the center of German applied arts and the home of the Ernst Ludwig school of art was
Definition
Darmstadt
Term
What influence did Glasgow have on MackintoshÕs design approach
Definition
ship building empire to design interiors, technology went from ships to buildngs
Term
The arcitect of the seccession buildng was
Definition
olbrich
Term
The winner of the competition for the Vienna subway system was
Definition
otto wagner
Term
What two geometric shapes are prevalent in MackintoshÕs symbolism
Definition
circle to represent spirit and square to represent real world
Term
Descrive mackinoshÕs approach to the design of interior spaces
Definition
Glasgow ship buildng, creating large rooms, borrowing from other spaces, some Japanese influence
Term
Compare hoffmannÕs approach in design of surface and volume with that of wrightsÕ
Definition
hoffman used planes and emphasized corner, wright used masses and eliminated corner
Term
List three differences between the exterior of a voysey house and that of a mackintosh house
Definition
Mackintosh-grey walls, no window trim, varied windows, wall dominate; Voysey- white walls, grey stone trim, same windows, roof dominate, slate roof
Term
What city did grand duke Ernst Ludwig try to make into a german ÒathensÓ
Definition
Darmstadt
Term
Name the firm the joseph Hoffmann helped to start that produced high quality objects and furnishings for houses
Definition
wiener werkstatte
Term
Who was the father figure of the secessionists
Definition
olbrich
Term
The painter who collaborated with olbrich in the design of the secession building was
Definition
klimt
Term
ÒI am particularly intereseted in the square as such and in the use of black and white as dominated colors, because these clear elements have never appeared in earlier styles: is a quote by
Definition
hoffman
Term
the secessionists were located in what city
Definition
Vienna
Term
the two people responsible for the design of the secession building were
Definition
olbrich and klimt
Term
charles rennie mackintosh had a connection with which continental European art movement
Definition
sucession (not positive on this)
Term
The elevation treatment used in the entrance faade of Grundvig church is best described as? And were did it originate in Denmark?
Definition
stepped gable, vernacular of churches and houses, resolved gable roofs
Term
What device is used in the Stockholm city hall to link it with the adjacent lake?
Definition
Mass is lifted off site with arcades, can see water through he ground level
Term
List two precedents for saarinenÕs final design of the main entry in the Helsinki railroad station
Definition
Vienna secession, louis Sullivan golden door
Term
The kallio church was designed by
Definition
lars sonck
Term
Describe the elevational treatment Saarinen typically used in the towers of his finnish buidings
Definition
stepped towers back as they got higher, corners were bookends
Term
The building typically credited witht the start of the national romantic movement in Scandinavia is
Definition
Copenhagen city hall
Term
The tampere cathedral was designed by
Definition
lars sonck
Term
ÒThe arrangement of a vertical force against a contrasting and balancing horizontal volumeÓ best descrives the compositional theory employed by
Definition
eliel Saarinen
Term
the movement in Scandinavia at the turn of the century that was a genuine attempt to interpret the indigenous tradition of each of the respective countries is referred to as
Definition
national romantic
Term
list two reasons why Saarinen preferred to incorporate a vertical element in the massing of his buildings
Definition
contrast to horizontal base, anchors into landscape
Term
the style that evolved in finland to express and preserve the indigenous culture in the face of increasing pressure by the czar to russify finland was
Definition
national romantic
Term
saarinenÕs favorite interior color was
Definition
green
Term
the typical Saarinen formal composition incorporated a _____ element to _____ the building
Definition
tower, anchor
Term
what is the name of the residential compound of Gesellius, Lindgren, and Saarinen
Definition
Hvittrask
Term
Hvittrask was the name given to the residential complex of
Definition
GLS
Term
What two things were necessary to be developed in the late 18th / early 19th century to enable the evolution of modern concrete structures
Definition
hydraulic, Portland cement, steel reinforcing
Term
List three resaons why larson considers reinforced concrete and not iron to have been the material more responsible for the development of modern architecture
Definition
new material, no precendent, no need to fireproof, plastic any shape, no joints, could cantilever, no columns in elevation
Term
Erenst ransomeÕs concrete framed factories bore a stunning resemblance to those designed at the same time by what French pioneer in concrete
Definition
coignet- repetitive infill structure
Term
The first important French contractor of reinforced concrete prior to the franco-prussian war was
Definition
coignet
Term
The architect chosen by henry ford to design his factories in Detroit was
Definition
albert kahn
Term
What economic advantage did the hennebique system enoy in paris
Definition
thinner floors, shorter floor to floor height, could get a extra floor in paris due to set cornice height
Term
What was the secret of roman cement that was rediscovered in the 19th century
Definition
chemicals in volcanic ash hardened compound without air exposure
Term
The French rationalist tradition, started by soufflot, and best represented by the work of Perret, was a quest to synthesize the ideas of what two historic styles
Definition
greek and gothic
Term
What other theoreticians influenced the work of perret
Definition
violet le duc and ?
Term
The architect responsible for the early use of reinforced concrete structures in the design of the firest automobile factories in Detroit was
Definition
albert kahn
Term
The first skyscraper constructed with a reinforced concrete frame was the
Definition
ingalls buildng
Term
The swiss engineer famous for his graceful, shallow arched, three hinged concrete bridges was
Definition
maillart
Term
Portland cement was first invented in which country
Definition
England
Term
The demise of terracotta fireproffing that led to the universal acceptance of reinforced concrete was a result of
Definition
sanfransisco earthquake 1906
Term
In which country was the principle of reinforcing concrete first developed
Definition
france-reinforeced masonry
Term
What advantage did reinforced concrete enjoy over iron from the viewpoint of structural rationalists
Definition
no fireproffing and exposed structure
Term
What French engineer built an international concrete company after the franco Prussian war
Definition
hennebique
Term
What was the name of tony garnierÕs socialist utopian city which employed concrete housing and solar power
Definition
cite industrielle
Term
What is generally regarded as the first American reinforced concrete buildng
Definition
William wardÕs concrete castle
Term
Name the four types of construction that semper used to order the four elements of architecture
Definition
hearth, roof, enclosure, mound
Term
What past style did semper champion as beign capable of further development
Definition
Romanesque
Term
What was the precedent for the Brandenburg gate
Definition
greek propylea
Term
The first theoreticism to speculate about the woven qualities of the primitive curtain wall was
Definition
semper
Term
The german artist usually credited as having coined the term gesamtkunstwerk is
Definition
wagner
Term
The wasmuth volumes documented the early work of
Definition
flw
Term
The term raumplan was devised by who to describe his interiors which incorporated interpenetrations of spaces
Definition
loos
Term
The steiner house was designed by
Definition
loos
Term
Define kuntswollen
Definition
will to art, architect had to impose will on problem to solve it
Term
The german term for an individual imposing oneÕs artistic will upon a design problem is
Definition
kunstwollen
Term
The german architectural writer who mythologized the English arts and crafts house at the turn of the century was
Definition
muthesius
Term
Gropius was responsible for the design of what building at the 1914 cologne exhibition
Definition
deutscher werkbund model factory
Term
Name two leading designers that were placed in charge of a major german school of design prior to wwi
Definition
olbrich and Behrens
Term
LoosÕ major criticism of the deutscher werbund was that it
Definition
attempted to artistically misrepresent the reality of the objects they were trying to improve
Term
The deutscher werkbund chose who to design the model factory for is 1914 cologne exhibition and the final design was influenced by what wright building
Definition
Gropius, mason city bank
Term
Peter Behrens was hired by who to redesign its corporate image
Definition
aeg
Term
The author of ornament and crime was
Definition
loos
Term
Aeg hired who to redesign its entire image, production and buildings
Definition
Behrens
Term
One of the three founders of the deutscher werkbund was
Definition
muthesius
Term
Gropius was responsible for what buildng at the 1914 deutscher werkbund exhibition
Definition
model factory
Term
Das englische haus was written by
Definition
muthesius
Term
What was loosÕopinion of gesamtkunstwerk
Definition
tried to over control every aspect of life
Term
What was the primary difference in intention between a kahn-designed factory and a Behrens designed aeg factory
Definition
Kahn Ð simply needed to design what was needed; Behrens Ð needed to transcend to become art
Term
What was founded to encouraged the improvement of machine production in Germany
Definition
Deutscher werkbund
Term
Behrens was greatly influenced by which philospher
Definition
Nietzchie
Term
Herman Muthesius used which type of buildng as the model for germany to emulate in order to improve its building design
Definition
arts and crafts house
Term
How can one view the design of the Fagus factory as an inverse of the AEG turbine factory
Definition
AEG Ð emphasized corner, columns out, projection of front; Fagus Ð eliminate corners, columsn in, projection of side
Term
What was loosÕ criticism of behrenÕs designs
Definition
disagreed with gesamtkunstwerk
Term
Adolf loosÕ major written treatise on architecure was
Definition
Ornament and crime
Term
The fagus works was designed by
Definition
Gropius
Term
The german architectural theoris who noted the inferior quality of german manufactured goods at the 1951 worlds fair was
Definition
semper
Term
In what three shapes did Cezanne say that nature reveals itself
Definition
cone, cylinder, sphere
Term
The futurist manifesto was written by
Definition
filippo Marinetti
Term
List two factors which occurred prior to 1860 that influenced the evolution towards abstraction on modern painting
Definition
invention of camera and Japanese prints
Term
The primary objective of cubist painting was
Definition
implying movement to destroy single view painting
Term
What three shapes did cubist painter employ in their paintings
Definition
circle, square, triangle
Term
Name a cubist painter
Definition
Pablo Picasso, marcel Duchamp
Term
What is the name given to a group of radical Italian designers who were prominent just prior to the start of wwi
Definition
the futurists
Term
The futurist movement was centered in
Definition
italy
Term
What was one of the compositional goals of cubist paintings
Definition
capture multiple frames and angles in 2d
Term
The architect of the centennial hall in Breslau was
Definition
max berg
Term
Describe hugo haringÕs design methodology as manifested in the gut garkau cowshed
Definition
architecture should not be imposed as preconceived idea, but rather discovered in and exploration of the place and conditions intended to serive, buildings express purpose
Term
Who designeed the Weimar governments new research tower for Einstein
Definition
erich mendelsohn
Term
List three buildngs at the werbunds 1914 cologne exhibition that represented the three main movements in german architecture prior to the start of wwi
Definition
glass pavilion, model theater, model factory
Term
The architect of the Luckenwalde Hat Factory and Dyeworks was
Definition
Behrens
Term
Did Mies extrude the lotiness of the site in both of his glass skyspacraper proposals?Why?
Definition
No, crystallized floorplan to reflect light in street
Term
The designer of the German Glass Industry Pavilion at ehh 1914 deutscher werkbund exhibition was
Definition
burno taut
Term
Give an example of a different german expressionist architect who designed in each of the following materials, glass, brick, concrete
Definition
glass Ð taut & mies, brick Ð Weimar & Hoger, concrete Ð Merdelsohn & berg
Term
Why was the cathedral viewed as the ideal historic building type for the german expressionists
Definition
a lot of light, colored glass, communal design
Term
What was the major building project that focused the energies of German expressionists immediately following the end of wi
Definition
cathedral of socialism
Term
The chilehaus in hamburg was designed by
Definition
fritz hoger
Term
The author of glass architecture was
Definition
paul scheerbart
Term
The cathedral of socialism was the ultimate goal of what movement
Definition
german expressionist
Term
The grosses schauspielhaus in berlin was designed by
Definition
hans poelzig
Term
What was the crystal chain
Definition
underground artists due to the governement pressure, by burno taut, ideas about architecture of future
Term
The first Expressionist glass skyscraper was designed by
Definition
Mies van der Rohe
Term
Concerning the spiritual in art was written by
Definition
wassily Kandinsky
Term
Anthroposophy was founded by
Definition
Rudolf steiner
Term
The traditional atrium in 19th century skyscrapers was quickly replaced by
Definition
elevator cores
Term
List three influences on the art deco skyscraper that came from Europe
Definition
saarinenÕs stepped back towers, german expressionist movies and buildings, and 1925 paris worlds fair
Term
The second place winner of the Chicago tribune competition was
Definition
eliel Saarinen
Term
What worlds fair played a pivotal role in the development of art deco in the us
Definition
1925 paris worlds fair
Term
What buidng project finally forced New York to initiate proceedings toward a zoning code that would limit the size of skyscrapers
Definition
equitable buildngs
Term
The conte crayon renderings of the design potential of the 1916 New York zoning code were drawn by
Definition
Ferris and corbet
Term
The autobiography of and idea was written by
Definition
louis Sullivan
Term
The first neo-gothic skyscraper to break the stranglehold of neo-classicism in New York City was the
Definition
Woolworth building
Term
List two precedents for the massing of the art deco skyscraper
Definition
saarinenÕs finnish steeped towers, ferris and corbets conte crayon drawings
Term
Who designed the Nebraska state capitol
Definition
Bertram Goodhue
Term
Who designed the singer building, the first us buildng to break the 600ft mark
Definition
ernest flagg
Term
The style of the Woolworth building in new york city designed by cass gilbert can best be described as
Definition
neogothic
Term
The buinding that forced new york city to enact a zoning code in 1916 was designed by
Definition
ernest graham
Term
Ernest flaggÕs design of the singer building in new york can best be described as
Definition
second empire
Term
The Chicago tribune competition was won by
Definition
hood and howells
Term
The European city that was the inspiration for wiley corbets and hugh ferris multi level city studies was
Definition
Venice
Term
Art deco was based on rejecting contemporary technology and using the vocabulary of traditional architecture true or false
Definition
false
Term
Wright would later state that he was influenced by what in the design of his Californian knit block houses
Definition
mayans
Term
Wright designed two highrise projects in the 1920s the are
Definition
national life insurance building and st marksÕ in the Bowrie
Term
Who designed the first church, Christ the scientist in berkely
Definition
Bernard maybeck
Term
Describe how wright schieved a two story living area in the apartments in his proposed tower for st. markÕs in the bowrie
Definition
cantilevered from core
Term
Who is noted as the first American architect to completely eschew the use of all ornament in his designs in favor of an asymmetrical massing of rectilinear forms with smooth, white washed walls with frameless windows
Definition
irving gill
Term
Who is best known for his eclecticism, being able to synthesize a diverse collection of stylistic elements with the technology of the day, including such off-the-shelf materials as industrial metal sash and sheet asbestos panesl
Definition
Bernard maybeck
Term
The term that best describes the style of buildings designed by Bernard maybeck is
Definition
eclecticism
Term
The type of California house that influenced the work of greene and greene was known as
Definition
bungalow
Term
Describe knit block construction
Definition
construction without skilled labor, simple to put together and mass produce
Term
One of the major differences between the houses designed by wright and those designed by greene and green was that wright used ____ roofs while greene and green used _____ roofs
Definition
hip; gable
Term
Òthere is something very restful and satisfying to my mind in the simple cube house with creamy walls, sheer and plain, rising boldly into the sky, unrelieved by cornices or overhand of roofÓ is a quote by who
Definition
irving gill
Term
list three precautions wright designed into the imperial hotel in anticipation of seismic action
Definition
pool of water for firefighting, only 60Õ sections so more flexible, tapered walls become lighter as they go up, floating foundation
Term
the architect recognized as the master of the early California bungalow in which sensuously detailed wood construction and deep overhanging balconies were used was
Definition
greene and greene
Term
what was the name of wrightÕs compound in spring green, wi
Definition
Taliesin
Term
the architect of the rusakov workers club was
Definition
Konstantin meinikov
Term
name two avant garde art movements which emerged in Russia just prior to the Russian revolution and the respective leader of each
Definition
rayonism Ð larionon & constructavist Ð ginzburg
Term
Name the two avant garde architecture movements which emerged in Russia during the leadership of Lenin and and architect from each
Definition
rationalism Ð ladovsky & suprematist Ð Malevich
Term
The spiraling design for the proposed monument to the third international was conceived by
Definition
tatlin
Term
What was the name of the design school in communist Russia that preceded the Bauhaus
Definition
vkhutmas
Term
Constructivist architecture was primarily a product of what country
Definition
Russia
Term
Name a Russian suprematist painter
Definition
Malevich
Term
Prouns ideograms with a utopian content were convieved by
Definition
el lissitzky
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