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| Archaic religious temple with an alter that was meant to be a shrine for Athena. It has depictions of Heracles and lions. Perhaps the earliest building on the Acropolis at Athens, before the Parthenon. |
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| "order" - like a mayor, the chief magistrate and judge of Dreros. The law prohibited him of repeating his office before an interval of ten years has expired. |
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| The oracle at Delphi. Selected after the death of the previous priestess, and priests have to translate what she is saying into hexameter prose. Praised for her prophecies that were inspired by Apollo. |
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| A mutual trading site where traders of one nation reserved their business interests within the territory of another nation. |
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| city or polis founded abroad by another polis; basically a home away from home, or "colony" |
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| Perpendicular grid structure used to establish helladic cities; made the area spacious and allowed regular division of buildings. |
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| central marketplace within a town/city for business, political, artistic, and athletic life, the "gathering place" |
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| to research, inquire; to ask someone what happened; to find evidence. The main strategy that Herodotus used to write The Histories. |
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| heavily armored soldiers tasked to fight in phalanx; created a walking wall of shields and marched towards the enemy, this was intimidating while relatively static. Led to the saying "hold the line!" |
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| Body of soldiers forming a wall of shields and amor that would march into battle as one body. Music was played to keep marching time. |
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| small spherical flask used to hold perfume or oil; commonly used by athletes during bathing. |
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| pottery decoration technique involving red-clay with black gaze that is chiseled away to create figures. |
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| a greek drinking party; often depicted on kraters |
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| laws, orders, or views that change according to culture and people. |
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| Nature-as opposing to law/custom. |
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| freestanding of standing women, always at a young age; thought to represent maidens to goddesses. |
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| Asia Minor/Greek Goddess of fertility, sexuality, and war. |
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| vertical tablets cut above doric columns for sculpture; angled to make a V-shape. |
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| Flat marble surface on ceiling beam of Greek building where bas relief sculptures are carved. |
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| freestanding greek sculpture depicting an "ideal" male; strong in physical features, with power and possible potential to become tyrants. |
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| a hall in Eleusis devoted to Demeter and Persephone |
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| single dominant ruler of a country/state, often oppressive and hated by Greeks. |
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| Persian leader who defeated Croesus at Pteria and took Sardis. |
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| Persian leader following Cambyses; swears revenge against Athenians because they burned Sardis and attacks them. |
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| Persian leader and son of Cyrus; crazy, stabbed the bull Apis; example of disrespecting gods leading one to defeat, also fulfilled prophet of him dying in a specific city. |
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| oldest, simplest, and most massive orders of architecture, developed in the 7th BC; ex.. outer colonnade of the Parthenon |
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| tyrant of Athens ~530 BC; sons were Hippias and Hipparchus. |
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| columns in Greek buildings that were slimmer than the ones in the Doric order and also had more wavy tops. Seen in many buildings in the Easter Aegan like the Temple of Artemis. |
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| scrolls on the columns of an ionic order building, |
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| triangular shape that is supported by the columns in greek architecture, often decorated with relief sculptures. |
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| Vase with identical depictions on each side; one in black figure one in red figure. |
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| after his brother was killed in a love-feud his reign became much harsher, and in 510 BC the Athenians drove him out with Spartan help. |
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| Harmodius and Aristogeiton (the Tyrannicides) |
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| Athenians who killed Hipparchus and freed Athens from Tyranny. |
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| Greek leader at battle of marathon; erred as Greek tyrant for some time; was ejected for doing so |
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| key Greek victory during the 1st Persian invasion under Darius |
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| Persian leader during the Greek-Persian war' ignored signs from gods indicating he would lose the war. Motivated to destroy the Greeks because of the wrongs the Athenians did to his father (Darius) |
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| Spartan king during Persian War, died with 300 at Thermopylae battle; did so to preserve kingdom, "A spartan kingdom will fall" |
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| Location of Spartan battle delaying Persians. 300 Spartans famously killed thousands of persians by forcing them into a bottleneck. |
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| Situated on the south side of the acropolis in Athens. Used from the 4th c BC onwards for Athenian drama. |
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| A festival that lasted 3 days; three different playwrights would compete with their tragedies and comedies. |
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| "teacher"; Greek word for playwrights because Greek plays were often meant to teach a set of morals, "don't be like these characters in the tragedies!" |
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| location in front of stage where the Chorus members dance and sing |
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| The 2 entrances to the stage on either side; how the three actors got on stage. |
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| daughter of Agamemnon who was sacrificed in order to appease Artemis and give Agamemnon and Menelaus good sailing winds home. |
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| ancestor's wrongdoing comes back to affect one's life; the idea that one must avenge a family member's death by taking revenge on the progeny of the guilty. |
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| "justice"; related to blood vengeance, someone wanting justice for who killed their family member. |
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| correctly interpreted oracles and told the Greeks to be ready to fight by the sea against the Persians, allowing them to win; ostracized and goes off to the Persian king, learns Persian and is appointed astray of Magnesia in Asia Minor. |
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| warship, rowed by three banks of oars. The front of the tire me was a sharp point, allowing it to make holes in other ships. Could also lock with another ship, allowing hoplites. |
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| Made to commemorate the defeat of the much larger Persian army at Plataea by the Greeks. Was originally located at Delphi . |
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| helped established Athenian democracy 5th c by minimizing the power of Areopagus. Made reforms that removed almost all of the powers of the aristocratic Areopagus council because he wanted to reduce the power of the oligarchy and make it more democratic. |
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| Political counsel that controlled Athens before Ephialtes' reform; originally a court staffed by aristocrats that got involved in the city's affairs. |
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| excessive pride/arrogance. In Greece it was understood that if you had too much hubris you were due for a big fall. |
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| Greek art of the classical Era; characterized by presence of emotion & motion, natural postures. Caught up in the moment where you do not have control over what is happening. |
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| His father Tantalus, founder of the Atreus family line chopped him up and fed him to the gods, starting the family curse; goes to Olympia and wins wife by defeating father in law in chariot race by trickery and ends up killing him. |
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| Eumenides the “Kindly Ones” (aka the Furies) |
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| This is a euphemism; the greeks were actually terrified of the furies but did not want to piss them off so they called them the "Kindly Ones;" dealing with the killing of mothers, terrible she demons from hell, believe that law that you cannot kill blood relatives is most important, chthonic. |
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| euphronê = “the nice time” = night |
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| A euphemism used to refer to night because of it being associate with frightening subjects, such as sacrifice and vengeance. |
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| spiritual pollution of relatives/ community from committing a major religious offense. |
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| proffesional teacher of rhetoric, teaching how to speak and argue well. Athenians have anxiety about whether it is a good thing to be able to argue successively the wrong side of a case. |
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| Spartan general who led the Greeks to final victory at Plataea during Persian wars; eventually is thought to be planning to give Greece over to Persia. |
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| process of a quorum of 6000 men exiling someone for 10 years out of fear of them becoming too powerful. |
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| the period between the Persian war and the beginning od the Peloponnesian war, 50 yr period where Athens became at its height in power and most of the artwork and literature that we associated with Ancient Greece comes from this period. |
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| many Greek cities that came together to fight the Persians in common. They can provide ships and men or pay dues to support the war effort but Athens rather other cities than provide men and ships. |
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| A famous monument of Antigone; built next to the Agora of Athens and has an open porch where they can talk to philosophers and had paintings by Polygnotus depicting the wars. |
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| a class of people in Athens who live with you but not part of the community, i.e. they're not citizens; do not have voting rights and have different legal regimes. |
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| Under Pericles, the Athenians undertook a program of construction of new temples on the Acropolis, and in the outlying territory of Attica, building the finest surviving examples of Greek Architecture. Built the Parthenon using money from the tributes to glorify Athens. |
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| morals/guidelines for community/region. First established firmly in Athens against murder. |
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| greek word for "emotion" and suffering for the things that happen to us and our response to them, a moment of fleeting emotion. The Archaic statues have no pathos but only show immorality. |
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| Marble copy of copy of bronze original sculpture of athletic greek man holding a spear by Polykleitos of Argos. |
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| Sculpture type consisting of gold and ivory. Gold = adornment; ivory=main physical features |
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| architectural technique where blocks are curved yo to counteract the visual illusion of sagging; used in the Parthenon. |
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| body length; typically female clothing work by Greeks; in the Athenian procession everybody got tougher to give the statue of Athena a brand new peplos. |
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| Athena Chalkioikos (“of the Bronze House”) |
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| A sanctuary built of Athena on the top of the acropolis at Sparta, to the north of the theater; interior decorated with bronze sheet. |
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| Region where the Spartans lived. |
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| Man who established spartan values in 800BC: Austerity, Equality, Militance |
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| The sanctuary of Artemis Orthia, an Archaic site developed in Classical times of Artemis, was one of the most important religious sites in the Greek city-state of Sparta. |
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| Spartan temple where Helen and Menelaus were honored as divinities. |
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| Spartan colony in Italy dating to ~700BC |
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| Greek lyric poet who composed verses in Sparta; known especially for political and military elegies, exhorting Spartans to support the state authorities and to fight bravely against the Messenians, |
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| not citizens but not slaves either, lived with Spartans. |
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| former inhabitants conquered by Spartans, bound to the land, slaves of the Spartans, especially serfs. |
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| public dining, public meals set up in Sparta by Lycurgus. Mentality was that if dining was made public it would eliminate petty or competition between Spartans over luxury like food. |
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