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| midline dividing the body in the the right and left halves |
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| divides the body into right and left parts, not halves |
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| divides the body into front and back parts |
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| divides the body into top and bottom |
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| closer to the top of the head |
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Anterior = more in the front
Ventral = abdominal side in bipeds
Rostral = beak like structure in the front of the head or brain that projects forward |
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| closer to the midline (median plane) |
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| further away from the midline (median plane) |
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| only used with reference to limbs, closer to the midline (median plane) or root of the limb |
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| only used with reference to limbs, further away from the midline (median plane) or root of the limb |
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| being closer to the feet or lower part of the body; in quadrupeds closer to the tail |
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| external, closer to the surface |
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| further away from the surface |
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| The only cells found in healthy cartilage. They produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans. |
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| small cavity in the substance of the bone containing the osteocyte. |
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| hard but flexible surrounding the lacuna |
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| protein fiber found through the body, provides strength and cushioning |
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| bundles of proteins found in connective tissue, can stretch and snap back to original length |
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| End of a long bone, top and bottom |
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| smooth white tissue that covers end of bones where they come together; articulating surface in freely movable joints |
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| cover the outer surface of all bones except the articular surfaces of long bones |
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| meshwork of spongy bone of mature adult bone typically found at the core of the vertebral bones in the spine and ends of the long bones |
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| denser material used to create the hard structure of the skeleton; forms the cortex or hard outer shell of most bones |
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| central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow is stored (marrow cavity) |
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| red, gelatinous substance composed of red and white blood cells, in adults red marrow is limited to the sternum, vertebrae, ribs, hips, clavicals, long bones and cranial bones |
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| fatty connective tissue that does not produce blood cells, contains more fat cells |
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| principal artery and major supplier of oxygen and nutrients to the shaft or body of the bone |
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| bones of the head and trunk; principal supportive structure of the body, skull, vertebrae,ribs and hyoid bone |
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| bones that support appendages; pectoral and pelvic girdle and bones of the arm, forearms, wrists, hands, thighs, legs and feet |
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| longer in one axis than the other |
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| cranial, scapulae, ribs; more flat than round |
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| vertebrae; have two or more shapes; bones that are not specifically long or short |
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| develop into tendons; mostly bone mixed with fibrous tissue and cartiledge |
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| straightening a joint, movement in the sagital plane |
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Definition
| flexion of the ankle and wrist |
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Definition
| bend or decrease the angle between two joints, movement in the sagital plane |
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Definition
| extension of the ankle joint |
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| moving toward the midline of the body |
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| moving away from the midline of the body |
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| circular movement, permitted at ball and socket, condylar and saddle joint |
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Definition
| turn the moving bone around its axis |
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| external rotation where hand and wrist are turned palm up; in foot moves sole of foot in a medial direction to inside of foot |
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| internal rotation where hand and wrist are turned palm down; in foot moves sole of foot in a lateral direction to outside of foot |
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| turns sole of foot inward as a result of supination |
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| turns sole of foot outward as a result of pronation |
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| Hip and shoulder, movement in all directions |
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| movement in one plane, flexion/extension, ankle and elbow joint |
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Definition
| Base of thumb, has two concave articulating surfaces permitting all motions except rotation |
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| reduced ball and socket configuration in which significant rotation is limited, knee and wrist joints |
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| Ring of bone around a peg, C1 and C2 |
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Definition
| Facet joints of the vertebrae, acromioclavicular, generally have flat articulating surfaces |
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| glass like, translucent cartiledge found on joint surfaces, contains a lot of collegen |
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| membrame that covers the outer surface of bones except articular surfaces of long bones |
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| thin layer of hard tissue between the hyaline articular cartilage and the subchondral bone |
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| any bone that develops and replaces cartilage, cartilage is partially or entirely destroyed by calcification. The cartilage is then reabsorbed leaving bone in its place. |
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| trapezoid shaped bone at lower back of skull |
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| central side and upper back part of each side of the skull; forms the roof of the skull |
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Definition
| forehead region of the skull, supports and protects the nervous tissue of the brain |
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| sides and base of the skull, overlaid by teh sides of the head and house the structures of the ears |
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Definition
| square bone at the base of the nose, has many perforations through which the olfactory nerves pass to the nose |
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| Middle of the skull toward the front, in front of the occipital bone, articulates to form the orbit |
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Definition
| runs vertically in the nasal cavity |
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Definition
| Small bone forming a part of the eye socket |
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Definition
| Two facial bones forming the checks and lateral walls of the eye socket |
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Definition
| L-shaped bone forms part of the nasal cavity and had palate, between the maxilla and sphenoid bone |
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Definition
| Upper jaw and hels form the eye socket, roof of mouth and lateral walls of the nasal cavity |
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| Lower jaw or jaw bone, largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human face |
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Definition
| Sits on the nasal septum, seperating the nasal cavity into two |
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Definition
| 7 Vertebra, top connects to head, bottom connects to back at about shoulder level, lordotic curve toward the front of the body |
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Definition
| 12 Vertebra, runs from base of the neck down to the abdomen, attaches to rib cage, kyphotic curve away from the front of the body |
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Definition
| 5 Vertebra, begins at abdomen and ends at top of the sacrum, lordotic curve toward the front of the body |
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Definition
| Triangle shaped bone with five fused segments |
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Definition
| Tailbone, small triangular bone resembling a tail, 3 to 5 fused bones |
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Definition
| disc between vertebrae, allows movement of the vertebrae, acts as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together and shock absorber of the spine |
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Definition
| Connections between the bones of the spine, nerve roots pass through to go from spinal cord to arms, legs, etc. Allow spine to bend and twist, keeping back from slipping too fard forward to twisting without limits |
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Definition
| Opening formed by the front body and back arch. |
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Definition
| Cavity containing the spinal cord |
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Definition
| Openings between each vertebra |
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Definition
| Tough circular exterior of the intervertebral disc that surrounds the soft inner core |
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Definition
| Inner core of vertebral disc, jelly like material (water and loose network of collagen), ellastic inner structure allows disc to withstand forces of compression and tension |
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Definition
| Mixed nerve, carries motor, sensory and automatic signals between the spinal cord and the body, 31 pairs in humans on each side of the spinal column |
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Definition
| Stub of bone connecting lamina to vertebral body to form the vertebral arch |
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Definition
| Small bony projection off the right and left side of each vertebrae, function as the site of attachment for muscles and ligaments and point of articulation for the ribs in the thoracic spine |
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Definition
| Projections of the vertebrae that serve the purpose of fitting with an adjacent vertebra. |
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Definition
| Part of the vertebral arch tha forms the roof of the spinal cord |
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Definition
| Site of connection between rib and vertebra in the thoracic spine |
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Definition
| Half of a facet, where part of the head of the rib or costal cartilege articulates, found on ribs 2 to 9 |
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Definition
| Site where a rib forms a joint with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra |
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Definition
| all movements are possible, flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation |
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Definition
| virtually non-weight bearing, limited movement in all plains, particularly rotation |
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Definition
| sagital plane, flexion and extension, lower facets prone to re-orienting to the coronal plane under continual rotational stress which leands to disc trauma by allowing more rotation than normal |
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Definition
| handle, quadrangular shape, joins with the body of the sternum, clavicles and cartilage of the first ribs |
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Definition
| Cartilaginous extension of the lower part of the sternum |
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Definition
7 True - attach to sternum
5 False - first three attach to sternum by costal cartilage; last two are floating and do not attach to sternum, only attach in the back |
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Definition
| Segments of cartilage that attach the sternum to the ribs, helps extend ribs into a forward motion; adds elasticity to thorax allowing chest to expand during expiration |
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Definition
| Uppermost and largest part of the hip bone |
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Definition
| Lower back part of the hip bone, below the ilium and behind the pubis |
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| Most forward facing of the three bones making up the pelvis |
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Upper portion of the pelvis
Supports the intestines |
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Definition
| Contains the pelvic colon, rectum, bladder and some reproductive organs |
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Definition
| At the end of the true pelvis and beginning of pelvic wall |
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Definition
50-82 degrees = male
90 degrees = femail |
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Term
| Interosseous sacroiliac ligament |
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Definition
| SI joint ligament, series of short strong fibers connecting the tuberosities of the sacrum and ilium, strongest ligament in the body |
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Definition
| Socket of the hip bone, head of the femur meets with the pelvis |
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Definition
| Ring of cartilage that surrounds the acetabulum (hip joint), front portion is most vulnerable to tears |
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Definition
| Encapsulates the entire hip joint, produces synovial fluid |
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Definition
| Located deep in hip joint, connects ball to (femoral head) to socket ( acetabulum), provides blood supply to the head, is important for stability |
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| Anterior and posterior, form an X, two strong rounded bands from the head of the tibia to the femur |
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Definition
| Piece of cartilage providing cushioning between femur and tibia, two in each knee lateral and medial |
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Definition
| Extension of quadricep tendon, extend from patella/knee cap |
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| Collateral Ligament - Knee |
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Definition
| Located on the outside part of the knee joint, connect the bones of upper and lower leg, lateral runs on outside of knee, medialruns along inside of knee |
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Definition
| Bottom part of ankle joint, connects foot to tibia and fibula, just above the heel bone |
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| Heel bone, connects talus and cuboid bone |
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Definition
| Outer side of the foot, cube shaped and connects the foot to the ankle |
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