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Sea Power
Mid term
66
Other
Not Applicable
03/20/2005

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Cards

Term
What were the advances in weapons after the civil war?
Definition
Cannons had longer barrels and had smooth bore's, and also self-propelled torpedos.
Term
What were the advances in propulsion after the civil war?
Definition
sail to steam
Term
What are the advances in shipbuilding after the civil war?
Definition
Iron to steel, and they had watertight integrity.
Term
What did the triple expansion engine do and when was it invented?
Definition
It burned more coal, after the civil war.
Term
What is significant about the amphibious assault at Vera Cruz?
Definition
It was the largest amphibious assault up to that time and it was a joint assault (navy, marines, army).
Term
What did America gain out of the spanish-american war?
Definition
Acquired california, acquired access to 2 oceans, the resulting border of texas is the Rio Grande.
Term
How many Americans died in the civil war?
Definition
600,000
Term
What did the union victory at vicksburg mean for the south?
Definition
It cut the south in half and gave the north control of the mississippi river.
Term
What was the Navy's 1st submarine?
Definition
the USS Holland
Term
What caused a massive buildup of ships in 1916?
Definition
The battle of Jutland.
Term
What anti-sub device was used on subs in WWI?
Definition
the hydrophone which gives directional sound but no range.
Term
What was the role of the United States in WWI?
Definition
To help the british plant mines and Convoy's.
Term
Which Navy beat the German Navy?
Definition
The British Navy (at Faulkland).
Term
Why was the Naval Academy established?
Definition
Officers needed to be trained on technology.
Term
Why did the Chesapeake affair occur?
Definition
The captain and crew were untrained and unprepared.
Term
What type of war was the Civil War
Definition
A total war.
Term
Who established the Naval Academy?
Definition
George Bancroft?
Term
How many warships did the US have at the end of the civil war?
Definition
over 700.
Term
Who established the naval war college?
Definition
Steven Luce.
Term
What was the British strategy for WWI?
Definition
a distant blockade.
Term
What was the German strategy for WWI?
Definition
Hit and run.
Term
What color was each county in America's Rainbow Plan?
Definition
Germany - black, Britain - red, Japan - orange, U.S. - blue.
Term
What did the Roosevelt corrolary say?
Definition
it said that europe has to stay out of the western hemisphere which set-up U.S. as the policing power of W. Hemisphere and eventually the entire world.
Term
What did Mahan say were the 6 elements of seapower?
Definition
1-geographic position, 2-physical confirmation, 3-extent of territory, 4-Number of population, 5- national character, 6- character of government.
Term
What happened in 1914
Definition
the Duke was assasinated.
Term
Who were the Allied powers of WWI?
Definition
The triple Entente: Great Britain, Russia, and France. and later: Italy, U.S. and Japan.
Term
Who were the cental powers of WWI?
Definition
Germany, Ausro-hungary and Ottoman(turk) empires. and later: bulgaria.
Term
What are the virtues of a good leader?
Definition
Humanity-Uprightness of mind/courage-Self-respect/strictness-Wisdom-Sincerity-
Term
How does Sun Tzu describe as the factors in predicting victory or defeat?
Definition
Which leader is imbued with the moral law? Which general has the best ability? With whom lie the adv. from heaven and earth? Who’s more disciplined? Who’s stronger?Who’s officers are better trained?Who has greater consistency in reward/punishment?
Term
War is expensive; how does Sun Tzu recommend acting in response to this?
Definition
Forage off the land so you don’t have to take supplies from home. Don’t engage in long-term warfare if it can be avoided. Proper planning before going to war.
Term
How should an enemy’s country be taken?
Definition
-The best way is to occupy an entire piece of the
conquered territory to bargain with it later.
-Set up colonies of your own people their allowing
them their own rights.
-Send any Army there to maintain order.
Term
What are the essential elements of victory?
Definition
He will win who knows when to fight and when not to fight.
He will win who knows how to handle both superior and inferior forces.
He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks.
He will win who, prepared himself, waits to take the enemy unprepared.
He will win who has military capacity and is not interfered with by the soverign.
Term
What are the different types of terrain?
Definition
-mountains -rivers
-marshes -plains
-valleys
Term
According to Sun Tzu, who knows the profitable means to carry out war?
Definition
It is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the horrors of war.
Term
Why did the Spanish anchor in Calis?
Definition
In order to meet up with the 6000 troops under the command of the duke of Parma to use that force as an invasion force to invade England.
Term
What were the English advantages?
Definition
More experienced seamanship
Lighter ships allowed to maneuver better in the open ocean
Longer range guns.
Aware of the advantage of holding the windward gage
Term
How did the British prevent the Spanish Armada from approaching?
Definition
The British used their long range guns and the weather gage to fire from the upward position.
Term
What is guerre de course? How is it employed? By whom?
Definition
Raiding of ships – privateering.
The weaker sea power usually employs these hit and run tactics
Term
What does King Phillip II do with regard to the Netherlands? Why? Through what means?
Definition
An assassin in the pay of the Spanish Government killed the ruler of the Netherlands, and Phillip set up a puppet government there.
Term
How does conflict begin to develop between the “superpowers”
Definition
The Treaty of Tordesillas was suppose to divide the world to regulate exploration and colonization by Portugal and Spain; England, Holland, and France ignore the treaty and begin exploring
Term
What changes occurred in Spain as a result of the discovery of the Americas?
Definition
They became rich and could afford to pump tons of money into their Navy.
Term
What was the first European Superpower?
Definition
Spain
Term
What happens after the seven year war between England and France?
Definition
-The Peace of Paris, 1763, was a “truce”, in effect,
not a peace.
– G.B. (sea power) and France (land power) potential enemies
– Rivalry for Empire- N. America, W. Indies, Indian Ocean
Term
What is the impact of the seven year war on the American colonies?
Definition
With France in command of the land under Napoleon and the British in command of the sea, the 2 rival nations could assail one another only thru economic warfare => put the US directly in the middle.
G.B. wants colonials to:
 Pay costs of Seven Years’ War because their finances seriously depleted
 Garrison soldiers
 Proclamation of 1763
 Oppressive acts
Term
What was the primary weapon during the Rev. War?
Definition
Infantry
Term
What were the French reluctant to enter the war to help the Colonists?
Definition
France just finished a war with GB. They didn’t think that the colonies could take care of themselves with no Navy and didn’t want to get involved with in another war on the losing side.
Term
What was the turning point of the revolutionary war? Why?
Definition
The Colonists victory at the Battle of Saratoga. The French realized that the Colonists could defend themselves and entered the war to aid them. Also, after this time the British didn’t think that the Americans could be beaten.
Term
What battle was the beginning of the end of the Revolutionary War (Ending Battle)?
Definition
The Battle of Yorktown was the beginning of the end of the revolutionary war. It was after the Americans captured some 7500 British soldiers that they realized the defeat of the American colonies was not going to be worth the money.
Term
When did the Revolutionary war end?
Definition
The Treaty of Paris was signed on Sep. 3rd 1783.
Term
What were some of the problems for the U.S. under the Articles of Confederation?
Definition
-Weak central government- no power for taxation. The people didn’t want to
trade the strong central government from Britian with one in the States.
-Required 9 out of the 13 colonies to do anything.
Term
What does O. Perry do that is unusual at the Battle of Lake Erie?
Definition
When his flagship is bombarded with the brunt of the enemy’s fire, due to his other ships failing to engage, he transfers to another as his ship is disabled and leads the Americans to victory.
Term
Who did the battle of Trafalgar involve?
Definition
ADM Horatio Nelson (GB) and Villeneuve (French/Spanish fleet.)
Term
How did Napoleon hope to achieve victory against the British?
Definition
Opening the English Channel and landing an amphibious assault on GB.
Term
What technique was used to win the Battle of Lake Champlain?
Definition
McDonough strategically places his US fleet around a bend forcing Downie to turn into him => unprotected from McDonough’s broadside fire.
Term
Describe the balance of power between the North and the South.
Definition
The North had a better infrastructure, more railroads, and a more industrialized economy.
The South had a better agriculture system.
Term
Near the end of the Civil War there are two coastal ports remaining in the south, what are they?
Definition
With Farragut’s victory at Mobile Bay on Aug.5th, 1864, only Charleston, South Carolina, and Wilmington, North Carolina, remained open to Confederate blockade runners.
Term
What were the technological advancements that took place during this time period?
Definition
Cannon barrel length increased
Cannon barrel went from smooth bore->rifled for
longer range/more accurate shots
Muzzle loading guns->breach and cartridge loading
Sails->steam
Iron clads->steel hull lighter and stronger)
Water tight compartments and electricity
Triple expansion engines (more power and less fuel)
Self propelled torpedoes
Term
After the Civil War, what was the status of our Navy?
Definition
Iron clads were not meant for coastal protection, shallow draft vessels that were used for River warfare would not work in the open ocean either. They had rams that were obsolete with the improvements in weaponry increasing the range at which battles were fought. They were too heavy.
Term
What event caused Congress to initiate a massive buildup of ships in 1916?
Definition
The Battle of Jutland – British/German fleet showdown in the north sea that ended in a draw.
Term
Describe the Battle of Gallipoli.
Definition
Large amphibious invasion that was a complete failure.
Term
What actions do the British take at sea during WWI?
Definition
-Blockade in the North sea
-setting up mine blockades at the entrance to prevent
the German fleet from escaping into the open sea.
Term
How does Germany counter the British actions at sea?
Definition
They stay home, only going out into the North sea occasionally to keep the British on their toes => keep the Royal Fleet occupied.
Term
Describe the Battle of Jutland. What lessons are learned?
Definition
The German Fleet met the Royal Navy for the first sea
battle of WWI. They chased each other around the North Sea, the English pulling back a few times for fear that the Germans were trying to lead them into mines.
Term
Did Germany anticipate U.S. entry into WWI? How did they
plan for such a contingency?
Definition
Yes, however they felt that it would be at least a year before the U.S. would be able to make a significant contribution to the war effort.
Term
Why did the U.S. try to remain neutral during WWI?
Definition
we wanted to remain neutral so we could continue trading with both sides.
Term
What were the goals of the U.S. in the Atlantic?
Definition
Set up the convoy system to allow American supplies and troops to reach Europe.
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