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Coined the term "cell" upon observation of cork cells (1660) |
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Assembled the first microscope (1500s) |
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Discovered "animalcules" in water samples with his microscope (1600s-1700s) |
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The first, capitalized half of a species name |
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The second half of a species name, unique to that species |
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Conducted an experiment with maggots to prove biogenesis (1668) |
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Boiled hay and kept samples of it in two containers, one covered, one uncovered, to prove biogenesis |
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Conducted a heated air experiment to prove biogenesis (1837) |
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Ultimately discredited abiogenesis (1860s). Considered one of the "fathers" of microbiology. Also explored relationships between microbes and food, connected specific microbes to specific diseases, and advanced vaccination. |
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Showed some microbes require intense heat and pressure to kill |
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Discovered bacterial spores |
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Potentially fatal and dangerous disease that colonizes the genital tract after childbirth. Was abundant in hospitals through the 1800s because of poor hygiene among doctors. |
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Suggested link between not handwashing and puerperal fever (1843) |
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As the head of a maternity ward, forced doctors to wash their hands, which led to a dramatically reduced incidence of puerperal fever (1849). Doctors were angry and ignored this finding. |
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Published first treatise on antiseptic technique (1869) |
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Heating to a specific temperature for a set time to kill bacteria |
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Developed criteria for determining whether a given microbe causes a given disease |
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Sometimes Koch's postulates don't work. Why? |
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Usually, it's because the pathogen can't be grown in culture. Some microbes are very picky about their environment, and we can't replicate those conditions accurately enough to grow them in lab. |
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Showed that some bacteria have beneficial roles (1888) |
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Studied tobacco mosaic virus (1890s). Couldn't identify the causative agent, so assumed it was poison. |
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Studied tobacco mosaic virus, and found that the agent could not be diluted (and thus not a poison), and was only active on tobacco leaves. Coined the term "virus" (1895) |
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Discoverer of a virus causative of chicken leukemia (1911). Later won a Nobel Prize. |
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Self-replicating, misfolded proteins. Diseases caused by these are called transmissible spongiform encephelopathies (TSE). |
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The scientific technique of classifying objects |
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Based on physical characteristics. Easy to use, but misleading. |
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Based on how organisms are related through evolution. Very new and clashes with traditional taxonomy, but more accurate. |
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Botanist/physician who came up with the first classification system for life (1735) |
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