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Scope, History, and Impact of Microbiology
Dr. David Senchina, Drake University, Medical Microbio notes set 1
27
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
02/11/2010

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Cards

Term
Robert Hooke
Definition
Coined the term "cell" upon observation of cork cells (1660)
Term
Jannsen brothers
Definition
Assembled the first microscope (1500s)
Term
Anton von Leeuwenhoek
Definition
Discovered "animalcules" in water samples with his microscope (1600s-1700s)
Term
Genus
Definition
The first, capitalized half of a species name
Term
Specific epithet
Definition
The second half of a species name, unique to that species
Term
Francesco Redi
Definition
Conducted an experiment with maggots to prove biogenesis (1668)
Term
Jablot
Definition
Boiled hay and kept samples of it in two containers, one covered, one uncovered, to prove biogenesis
Term
Schultze and Schwann
Definition
Conducted a heated air experiment to prove biogenesis (1837)
Term
Louis Pasteur
Definition
Ultimately discredited abiogenesis (1860s). Considered one of the "fathers" of microbiology. Also explored relationships between microbes and food, connected specific microbes to specific diseases, and advanced vaccination.
Term
John Tyndall
Definition
Showed some microbes require intense heat and pressure to kill
Term
Fernand Cohn
Definition
Discovered bacterial spores
Term
Puerperal fever
Definition
Potentially fatal and dangerous disease that colonizes the genital tract after childbirth. Was abundant in hospitals through the 1800s because of poor hygiene among doctors.
Term
Oliver Holmes
Definition
Suggested link between not handwashing and puerperal fever (1843)
Term
Ignaz Semmelweis
Definition
As the head of a maternity ward, forced doctors to wash their hands, which led to a dramatically reduced incidence of puerperal fever (1849). Doctors were angry and ignored this finding.
Term
Joseph Lister
Definition
Published first treatise on antiseptic technique (1869)
Term
Pasteurization
Definition
Heating to a specific temperature for a set time to kill bacteria
Term
Robert Koch
Definition
Developed criteria for determining whether a given microbe causes a given disease
Term
Sometimes Koch's postulates don't work. Why?
Definition
Usually, it's because the pathogen can't be grown in culture. Some microbes are very picky about their environment, and we can't replicate those conditions accurately enough to grow them in lab.
Term
Sergei Winogradksy
Definition
Showed that some bacteria have beneficial roles (1888)
Term
Dmitri Ivanovsky
Definition
Studied tobacco mosaic virus (1890s). Couldn't identify the causative agent, so assumed it was poison.
Term
Martinus Beijerinck
Definition
Studied tobacco mosaic virus, and found that the agent could not be diluted (and thus not a poison), and was only active on tobacco leaves. Coined the term "virus" (1895)
Term
Peyton Rous
Definition
Discoverer of a virus causative of chicken leukemia (1911). Later won a Nobel Prize.
Term
Prions
Definition
Self-replicating, misfolded proteins. Diseases caused by these are called transmissible spongiform encephelopathies (TSE).
Term
Taxonomy
Definition
The scientific technique of classifying objects
Term
Traditional taxonomy
Definition
Based on physical characteristics. Easy to use, but misleading.
Term
Phylogenetic taxonomy
Definition
Based on how organisms are related through evolution. Very new and clashes with traditional taxonomy, but more accurate.
Term
Carolus Linnaeus
Definition
Botanist/physician who came up with the first classification system for life (1735)
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