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| chemical ecologist, studied rattlebox moth |
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| figured out protein struture |
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used a basic microscope to observe cork cells, 1st to use the term "cell"
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| developed 1 of the first microscopes, found tiny animals in pond water |
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| figured out plants are made of cells |
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| figured out animals are made of cells |
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| came up with the Cell Division Theory |
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| anatomist who drew retina nerve cells |
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| created paintings that depicted cellular forms, artwork in cellular forms |
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| discovered the Van der Waals Force, the sum of the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or between parts of the same molecule) other than those due to covalent bonds or to the electrostatic interaction of ions with one another or with neutral molecules |
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| discovered the Golgi Appartus |
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| explained how prokaryotes changed into eukaryotes, endosymbiosis |
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| discovered Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, a recessive sex-linked disorder |
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| developed the Gibbs Free Energy Equation ∆G=∆H-T∆S or Free Energy=Heat-Temp x Entropy |
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| discovered antibiotics, specifically Penacilin |
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| discovered Okazaki fragments, short molecules of single-stranded DNA that are formed on the lagging strand during DNA replication |
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| discovered the Krebs or Citric Acid Cycle of cellular respiration |
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| discovered the Calvin Cycle, the light independent or dark reaction of photosyn. that produces simple sugars that combine to form glucose |
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| Austrian monk, Father of Modern Genetics, studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants |
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| discovered Bar Bodies, dense regions in the nuclei of female cells that is formed by one randomly turned-off X chromosome |
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| discovered Klinefelter's Syndrome, a condition in which human males have an extra X chromosome (XXY) |
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| studies fruit flies, discovered the process of crossing over or genetic recombination and developed the recombination frequency, is the frequency that a single chromosomal crossover will take place between two genes during meiosis; figured out the distance btw genes |
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| developed the Punnet Square |
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| Francis Crick/James Watson |
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| developed the 1st successful model of DNA |
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| 1st to successfully get the x-ray of a cell |
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| studied the bacteria causing pneumonia, demonstrated bacterial transformation in which a bacterium can distinctly change its form and function |
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| discovered that DNA is the material of which genes and chromosomes are made and confirmed that nucleic acids were the basics of life |
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| Alfred Hershey/Martha Chase |
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| studied viruses, made discoveries concerning the genetic structure of viruses |
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| discovered that in DNA, the % of Guanine=the % of Cytosine and the % of Adenine=the % of Thymine |
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| Matt Meselson/Franklin Stahl |
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| conducted an experiment in which e. coli was cultured in a solution of dense N15 and less dense N14 to ultimately determine that DNA is made by semiconservative replication, when two strands of a DNA molecule separate and each act as a template for synthesis of a new strand |
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| proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection |
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| didn't believe in evolution, believed that all organisms were perfect and did't change |
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| developed the inaccurate theories of Acquired Characteristics and Use and Disuse |
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| Charles Lyell/James Hutton |
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| thought that the Earth was old and continually changing at a slow gradual pace, Gradualism |
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| G. H. Hardy/Wilhelm Weinberg |
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| developed the HArdy-Weinberg Equilibrium, a model of a non evolving pop. that allows you can compare a pop. against it to determine how it is a evolving; if p^2+2pq+q^2=1 or p+q=1 then pop. isn;t evolving (p2-homo dom 2pq-hetero q2-homo recess.) |
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| also proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection causing Darwin to quickly publish his book On the Origin of Species; created the Wallace Line, seperates Asian and Australian plates in Indonesia (2 completely different islands on each side, desert and forest) |
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| worked with ancient starfish (fossils on mountain) and theorized that the Earth is changing, Gradualism |
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| used the Morphalogical species concept (look the same, are the same) to develop a species; statred taxonomy, the naming and organizing of different organisms |
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| developed the Mutation Theory; discovered sympatric speciation, a way in which a population could become a separate species while still sharing the same environment with other members of the species |
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| confirmed the evolution of Darwin's Finches |
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| Stanley Miller/Harold Urey |
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| developed a theory for the origin of life by conducted an experiment in which organic compounds were formed from inorganic compounds |
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| discovered the bacterial pathogen that causes Lyme's Disease |
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| discovery/isolated anthrax, tuberculosis, and cholera; developed Koch's Postulates to determine what is causing a specific disease |
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| developed Gram Staining, a method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) based on the chemical, primarily the presence of high levels of peptidoglycan, and physical properties of their cell walls |
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| Father of Modern Comparative Anatomy, 1st to dissect a chimp, said chimps had more in common with humans than monkeys (especially concerning the brain) |
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| developed the theory of continental drift, the continents are slowly drifting around the Earth |
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| Father of Geology and Stratigraphy, studies rock layers and layering |
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| discovered Turner's Syndrome, when a female is missing part of or an entire X chromosome |
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| discovered Pompe's Disease, a genetic disorder in which one has an inability to break down proteins or complex sugars |
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| discovered/invented operative conditioning, a form of psychological learning where an individual modifies the occurrence and form of its own behavior due to the association of the behavior with a stimulus; trial and error |
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| discovered the principle of imprinting |
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| wrote Silent Spring, a book about DDT and other pesticides harmful effects on the environment |
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| disease, war, starvation will always affect/control human pop. |
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| performed 1st cloning of a mammal from somatic cells, Dolly the lamb |
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| discovered Tay-Sachs Disease, an autosomal recessive genetic disorder |
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| made contributions to understanding quantum physics and atomic structure |
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| discovered Alzheimer's Disease |
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| stirred up evolutionary controversy |
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| Graf Ferdinand von Zepplin |
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| created the Hindenburg, a hydrogen filled blimp that exploded |
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| discovered Down's Syndrome or Trisomy 21, a chromosomal condition caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome |
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| discovered Huntington's Disease, a genetic disorder caused by an autosomal dominantmutation on either of an individual's two copies of a gene called Huntingtin |
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| discovered protein microspheres in early life |
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| developed the polio vaccine |
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| discovered oxygen (isolated it in its gaseous state), contributed to the discovery of photosynthesis |
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| Founder of Pneumatic Chemistry, ideas on spontaneous generation, introduced the word "gas" |
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| showed that light is essential to photosynthesis, discovered photosynthesis, discovered that plant, like animals, perform cellular respiration |
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| made contributions to the work on genetic code |
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