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| Movement following the Renaissance in which thinkers started to use scientific ideas to explain ideas rather than just blame the heavens or God. |
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| Scientist that proposed the heliocentric model, which placed the sun in the center of the universe, not the Earth, as the Catholic Church dictated. |
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He directly challenged the church and the sacred institutions with his ideas. He was put on trial, in which he said that he was lying to avoid excommunication and death.
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Term for people that faced bitter opposition from political, intellectual, and religious establishments. They were thinkers that had ideas that opposed the “ancient” ideas and the ideas that the church or government allowed the people to have.
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Scientific Revolution (date)
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First ever created in the Western Society. It was a 35 volume series of books that collaborated all of human knowledge. Those that wrote it went into hiding or were persecuted by the Church because it allowed people to think for themselves.
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Leading French thinker that was a writer, philosopher, and a historian, He kept Voltaire as his penname to escape persecution from the church.
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English philosopher that argued that government should protect the people, and if this was in violation, they had the authority to rebel and overthrow the monarch. All people had the right to life, liberty, and property.
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Author of the Social Contract, an enlightened thinker that believed that the monarch’s authority rested on the will of the people.
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English philosopher that wrote the Leviathan, which was a book that talked about the social contract theory. Believed in rights of people, equality amongst men, and civil society and the state.
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| Written by Thomas Hobbes, it deals with the social contract theory, and it is concerned with the structure of society and legitim |
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| Book written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Asserted the will of the people was sacred and that the legitimacy of the monarch depended on the consent of the people. |
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| A gathering of people under the roof of an inspiring host, held partly to amuse one another and partly to refine taste and increase their knowledge of the participants through conversation. |
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Enlightened thinker that came up with the Laissez Faire concept. He was a Scottish economist that wrote The Wealth of Nations.
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Book written by Adam Smith in which he argues that if indiciduals were allowed to seek personal gain, the effect, as though guided by an invisible hand, would be to increase the general welfare.
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Created by Adam Smith, it is a “Hands off” economic idea. Private businesses were allowed to seek personal gain, and were guided by an “invisible hand”. The general welfare would increase.
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| Mercantilism vs. Capitalism |
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Mercantilism argues that governments should regulate trade in order to maximize their hoard of precious metals. Capitalism allows the people to regulate their own private businesses, creating competition and growth in economy
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