Term
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Definition
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Term
What was the man's name that thought of Continental Drift? |
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Definition
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Term
What three pieces of evidence supported the Continental Drift theory? |
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Definition
- Same fossils on different continents.
- Same rocks on different continents.
- Continents fit together like puzzle pieces.
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Term
What is the theory of Plate Tectonics? |
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Definition
The theory that the earth's structure, or the lithosphere, is broken into plates. They are all moving. |
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Term
What are the layers of the earth? |
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Definition
- Oceanic Crust
- Continental Crust
- Mantle
- Outer Core
- Inner Core
- Lithosphere
- Asthenosphere
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Term
Which layers are solid and which layers are molten? |
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Definition
All layers, except the asthenosphere and the outer core are solid. |
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Term
Which crust is more dense, oceanic or continental? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the motion and stress at a convergent boundary? |
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Definition
The motion is the plates going towards each other and the stress is compression. |
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Term
What is the motion and stress at a divergent boundary? |
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Definition
The motion is the plates going away from each other and the stress is tension. |
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Term
What is the motion and stress at a transform boundary? |
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Definition
The motion is the plates sliding next to each other and the stress is shearing. |
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Term
What are the features that are formed at a convergent boundary? |
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Definition
Subduction (oceanic-continental or oceanic-oceanic), earthquakes, trenches, volcanoes, mountains and island arcs. |
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Term
What are the features that are formed at a divergent boundary? |
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Definition
Earthquakes, rifts (land) and ridges (water). |
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Term
What are the features that are formed at a transform boundary? |
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Definition
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Term
Where are convergent boundaries' effects taking place? |
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Definition
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Term
Where are divergent boundaries' effects taking place? |
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Definition
Great Rift Valley in Africa. |
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Term
Where are transform boundaries' effects taking place? |
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Definition
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Term
How do we know where the plate boundaries are and what evidence do we have? |
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Definition
Most of the earth's earthquakes take place along the plate boundaries. |
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Term
What type of heat transfer drives plate tectonics? |
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Definition
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Term
Which layer does the heat transfer take place in? |
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Definition
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Term
How is heat transfer responsible for plate tectonics' movement? |
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Definition
Convection moves in a circle below the plates, so the plates move with it. |
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Term
What is an earthquake and where are they most common? |
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Definition
Shaking at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane, often from volcanic activity. They are most common along plate boundaries. |
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Term
What are the three types of seismic waves emitted by earthquakes? Which is the fastest and which is the slowest? |
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Definition
- P-waves
- S-waves
- Surface
The fastest wave is a P-wave and the slowest wave is an S-wave. |
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Term
How are earthquake epicenters found? |
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Definition
Three different seismographs take three different circle readings and they intersect at one common point, the epicenter. |
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Term
What is the difference between the epicenter and the focus? |
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Definition
The focus is the point under the earth where the earthquake starts. The epicenter is the point on the surface that is directly above it. |
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Term
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Definition
A destructive sea wave caused by an earthquake or volcanic eruption. |
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Term
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Definition
When there is an earthquake or landslide underwater. |
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Term
Why are tsunamis more dangerous when they're closer to the shore? |
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Definition
Tsunamis decrease in speed so that they can build up in size in shallow waters. |
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Term
What are the three major types of volcanoes? |
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Definition
- Cinder Cone
- Shield
- Composite
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Term
What are the three types of volcanoes' relative sizes? |
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Definition
The shield is the biggest, the composite is medium and the cinder-cone is the smallest. |
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Term
What are the three types of volcanoes' type of eruptions? |
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Definition
Shield has a lava flow eruption, composite hass a mix and cinder-cone is explosive. |
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Term
What are the three types of volcanoes' lava viscosities? |
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Definition
Shields' are low, composites' are higher, cinder-cones' are low. |
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Term
What are different types of famous volcanoes? |
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Definition
Shield is Hawaiian Volcanoes, composite is Mt. St. Helens and cinder-cone is Mt. Tabor. |
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Term
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Definition
Magma is formed when rock melts. |
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Term
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Definition
Lava is magma when it reaches the surface of the earth. |
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Term
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Definition
A batholith is when a body of magma cools below the earth's surface. |
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Term
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Definition
Cinders are large chunks of old, hardened lava blocks. |
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Term
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Definition
Ashes are particles that are less than 2 mm in diameter. |
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Term
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Definition
Viscosity is a liquid's resistance to flow. |
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Term
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Definition
A caldera is a wide basin in the center of a volcanic cone formed by the collapse of a top of a volcano. |
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Term
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Definition
A hot spot is an area of concentrated heat deep within the earth. |
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Term
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Definition
A seismograph is an instrument used to record earthquake waves. |
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Term
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Definition
A shadow zone is an area of the earth's surface that is shielded from the effects of P-waves and S-waves. |
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Term
What is the Richter Scale? |
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Definition
The Richter Scale is a special scale used to report the size, or magnitude, of an earthquake. |
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