Term
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Definition
| the pieces of the Earth's crust |
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Term
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Definition
| a rocky material under the Earth's crust which is like taffy near the Earth's core |
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Term
continental drift
(The moving crust) |
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Definition
| continents drifting away from each other |
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Term
Alfred Wegener
(The moving crust) |
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Definition
| a scientist (1880-1930) who wondered how continents fit together |
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Term
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Definition
| a soundwave technology that can be used to study the sea floor of the Earth's crust |
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Term
Tuzo Wilson
(The moving crust) |
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Definition
| Canadian scientist who studied the Earth's crust |
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Term
converging plates
(The moving crust) |
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Definition
| plates that come together |
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Term
diverging plates
(The moving crust) |
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Definition
| plates that are moving apart |
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Term
subduction zones
(The moving crust) |
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Definition
| when one plate pushes another up when they converge, like mountain formation. The force behind plate movement, like a conveyer belt at the grocery store. |
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Term
convection current
(The moving crust) |
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Definition
| warmer materials in the Earth's mantle move up while cool materials sink |
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Term
three types of evidence for Continental Drift
(The moving crust) |
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Definition
(1) physical evidence -- the puzzle-like shape of Africa and South America fitting together
(2) biological evidence -- similar fossils and plants between continents
(3) rock evidence -- similar rocks in continents on either side of the Atlantic Ocean |
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Term
theory of plate tectonics
(The moving crust) |
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Definition
the unified theory of plate movement that helps explain why three things happen:
(1) earthquakes
(2)volcanoes
(3)mountains |
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Term
Richter Scale
(earthquake) |
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Definition
| used to measure how strong earthquakes are |
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Term
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Definition
(1) an instrument attached to bedrock, like a thermometer for temperature, used to measure earthquakes
(2) Only goes from 0 to over 8
(3) three used to measure up-down and side-to-side movements |
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Term
seismic waves
(earthquake) |
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Definition
| ground-shaking waves caused by earthquakes |
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Term
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Definition
| smaller, ground-shaking waves that happen after an earthquake |
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Term
P (Primary) waves
(earthquake) |
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Definition
fastest of three types of earthquake waves that pass through:
(1) solids
(2) liquids and
(3) gases
They make dishes rattle. |
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Term
S (Secondary) waves
(earthquake) |
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Definition
medium, slower waves than P waves that can only pass through:
(1) solids |
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Term
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Definition
slowest earthquake waves that cause the most damage:
(1) break roads and buildings |
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Term
Timing of earthquake waves
(earthquake) |
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Definition
(1) earthquake
(2) P wave
(3) S wave
(4) Surface wave |
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Term
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Definition
| the source of an earthquake deep in the earth |
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Term
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Definition
| the surface place right above the deep focus, origin of an earthquake |
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Term
earthquake cause
(earthquake) |
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Definition
| a sudden movement in the Earth's crust releases energy |
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Term
three types of faults
(earthquake) |
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Definition
(1) normal fault
(2) reverse fault
(3) strike-slip or transform fault |
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Term
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Definition
stretching between plates moving apart
<---- ----> |
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Term
reverse fault
(earthquake) |
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Definition
compression between plates being pushed together
----> <---- |
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Term
strike-slip or transform fault
(earthquake) |
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Definition
one plate slips sideways past the other (shearing)
\\\>
<\\\ |
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Term
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Definition
openings in the Earth's crust that release:
(1) lava
(2) ash and
(3) steam |
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Term
dormant volcanoes
(volcanoes) |
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Definition
| volcanoes that are not active |
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Term
causes of volcanoes
(volcanoes) |
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Definition
| movements in the Earth's crust towards very hots areas that melts rock (magma) |
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Term
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Definition
| heated rock turned into a liquid |
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Term
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Definition
| a circle of volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean that looks like a ring of fire |
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Term
| Canadian earthquakes (earthquakes) |
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Definition
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Term
| Canadian volcanoes (volcanoes) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (1) the Saint Elias (Yukon) (2) The Canadian Rockies (BC and Alberta) (3) Coast and Columbian mountains (BC) (4) Laurentian mountains (Quebec) |
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Term
mountain causes
(mountains) |
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Definition
sedimentary (layered) rock is placed under slow, gradual pressure and causes:
(1) folds or
(2) breaks |
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Term
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Definition
| the top part of a folded rock |
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Term
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Definition
| the bottom part of a folded rock |
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Term
thrust faulting
(mountains) |
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Definition
| sedimentary rocks that is squeezed from the sides and forms slabs that move up, like squeezing the skin on the back of you hand |
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Term
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Definition
| huge amounts of old rocks that end up on newer rocks, like dumping a whole bunch of Smarties into your palm |
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Term
complex mountains
(mountains) |
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Definition
| mountains that can form when a continental plate pushes over an sea-floor plate with possible magma coming up too to help form the mountain |
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