Term
|
Definition
| an alpha particle is the combination of two protons and two neutrons |
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Term
|
Definition
| The study of stars and planets |
|
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Term
|
Definition
electrons, neutrons, and protons
neutrons and protons lie at the heart of the atom |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A beta particle is an electron ejected from a nucleus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The study of living organism |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The study of the interactions between compounds and molecules |
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Term
|
Definition
| the distance from the midpoint to the crest (or to the trough) of the wave |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| he wavelength of a wave is the distance from the top of one crest to the top of the next one, or, equivalently, the distance between successive identical parts of the wave. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The study of geology, meteorology and oceanography |
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Term
|
Definition
| A scientific fact, is something that competent observers can observe and agree to be true. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The frequency specifies the number of vibrations it makes in a given time (usually in one second). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Gamma rays are the high-frequency electromagnetic radiation emitted by radioactive elements |
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Term
|
Definition
| Measures the mass of a solid |
|
|
Term
| How does a simple machine affect work output? |
|
Definition
| Simple machines don’t change the amount of work but rather affect the input force needed to do work |
|
|
Term
| How might a systems approach be useful to study science? |
|
Definition
| A systems approach is a way to obtain evidence to support of refute a hypothesis. |
|
|
Term
| How might creativity be used in science and useful in generating new testable ideas? |
|
Definition
| Used in the formation of scientific hypothesis and the advancement of scientific knowledge. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Make an educated guess—a hypothesis—to answer the question. |
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Term
|
Definition
| SI Unit for Energy and Work |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measures amount of matter in an objects mass |
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Term
|
Definition
| a scientific hypothesis has been tested over and over again and has not been contradicted |
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Term
|
Definition
| Measurement of liquid solution's volume |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A longitudinal wave is one in which the direction of wave travel is along the direction in which the source vibrates |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A collection of measurements, notes and images to describe a phenomenon |
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Term
|
Definition
| potential of Hydrogen, scale is used to measure level of acids and bases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The period of a wave or vibration is the time it takes for a complete vibration—for a complete cycle. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The study of basic concepts such as motion, force, energy, matter, heat, sound, light, electricity and magnetisim |
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Term
|
Definition
| Predict consequences that can be observed if the hypothesis is correct. The consequences should be absent if the hypothesis is not correct. |
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Term
|
Definition
| frequency lower than that of visible light |
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Term
|
Definition
| A group of well-tested hypotheses that provide evidence to support explanations for scientific phenomena. |
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Term
|
Definition
| vibrations that are at right angles to the direction of wave travel. |
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|
Term
| What are radio waves used for |
|
Definition
| Used to transmit AM and FM radio stations |
|
|
Term
| What are the life cycle stages of a star? |
|
Definition
Nebula, Protostar, Main Sequence Star, Red Giant, White Dwarf, Supernova, Neutron Star, Black hole,
n |
|
|
Term
| What changes the pitch of sound |
|
Definition
| A high-pitched note is a high-frequency sound wave arising from a rapidly vibrating source. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an electromagnetic wave |
|
Definition
| an electromagnetic wave is a wave of energy produced when an electric charge accelerates |
|
|
Term
| What is gravitational force? |
|
Definition
| the greater the masses,the greater the force of attraction between them. The greater the distance of separation d, the weaker is the force of attraction—weaker as the inverse square of the distance between their centers |
|
|
Term
| What is potential energy? |
|
Definition
Energy stored due to shape, position, or state.
Elastic: stretched or compressed spring
Gravitational: due to elevation
Electrical: due to position in electric field
Magnetic: due to position in magnetic field
Chemical: due to positions of atoms and electrons in molecules |
|
|
Term
| What is projectile motion? |
|
Definition
| the motion of an object (the projectile) is analyzed under the influence of the constant acceleration of gravity, after it has been propelled with some initial velocity. |
|
|
Term
| What is strong nuclear force? |
|
Definition
| The strong force attracts two protons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The H-R diagram is a plot of the luminosity versus surface temperature of stars |
|
|
Term
| What is the benefit of using a systems approach when studying biology? |
|
Definition
| A systems approach focuses on how component parts interact and can then predict how a change in one component affects the whole system. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a law and a theory? |
|
Definition
| a law is widely accepted by the scientific community, while a theory may be disputed. |
|
|
Term
| What is the equation for work? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the general chemical composition of stars |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the principle of falsifiability? |
|
Definition
| The idea that scientific hypotheses must be capable of being proven wrong |
|
|
Term
| What makes an atom radioactive? |
|
Definition
| They have the wrong amount of neutrons and protons. Atoms with unstable nuclei are said to be radioactive. |
|
|
Term
| What makes up our solar system |
|
Definition
| Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, asteroid belt, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organic compounds, behavior of biomolecules. |
|
|
Term
| electromagnetic spectrum. Highest to lowest |
|
Definition
| Gamma, X-Rays, Ultra Violet, Infrared, Microwaves, Radio Waves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measures the speed of an object - kilometers per hour. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any element consists only of one kind of atom. |
|
|
Term
| Why are atoms electrically neutral? |
|
Definition
| posite charges of protons and electrons balance each other, producing a zero net charge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of protons each atom of a given element contains. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the total number of protons and neutrons (nucleons) in the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The total mass of an atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The mass of an element’s atoms listed in the periodic table as an average value based on the relative abundance of the element’s isotopes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons |
|
|
Term
| Electrons outermost shell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Valence Electrons? |
|
Definition
| An electron that is located in the outermost occupied shell in an atom and can participate in chemical bonding. |
|
|
Term
| How can the number of valence electrons for a given element be determined using the periodic table? |
|
Definition
| Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons, in general. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all atoms to the left are larger than those to the right. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds |
|
Definition
| Organic chemicals can be isolated from nature. Inorganic compounds, those based on elements other than carbon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture? |
|
Definition
| A pure substance consists of only one type of atom, molecule, or ion. Methane, sodium chloride, and hydrogen are examples of pure substances. A mixture, on the other hand, is a collection of two or more pure substances that are physically mixed and in which each of the pure substances retains its properties. A mixture cannot be represented by a chemical formula because the proportions of the constituent substances in a mixture can vary. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture? |
|
Definition
| A homogeneous mixture is one in which the substances are evenly distributed.A heterogeneous mixture contains substances that are not evenly distributed, so different regions of the mixture have different properties. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A homogeneous mixture consisting of ions or molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sandstone and limestone.
Sedimentary rocks generally form from pieces of preexisting rock, or from dissolved compounds worn away from other rocks, that are transported and deposited by water, wind, or ice. Sandstone, shale, and limestone are common sedimentary rocks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Basalt and granite
Igneous rocks form by the cooling and crystallization of magma or lava |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Marble and Slate
Metamorphic rocks form from preexisting rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) that, without melting, are transformed by high temperature, high pressure, or both. The word metamorphic means “changed in form.” Marble and slate are common metamorphic rocks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| silicates contain both silicon (Si) and oxygen (O). Most silicates contain other elements in their crystal structure as well |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nonsilicates include the carbonates, oxides, and such native elements as gold and silver, and a few others |
|
|
Term
| What are the two groups of silicates |
|
Definition
| ferromagnesian silicates and nonferromagnesian silicates |
|
|
Term
| What is the anatomy of the earth? |
|
Definition
| inner core, outer core, mantle, upper mantle and crust. |
|
|
Term
Why did Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift fail?
What was the evidence? |
|
Definition
No one could provide a driving force, how the continents of solid rock could move.
Fossil evidence |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of plate boundaries? |
|
Definition
Divergent Boundaries: where plates move away from each other
Convergent Boundaries: where plates move toward each other
Transform-fault Boundaries: where plates slide past each other |
|
|
Term
| Second Law of Thermodynamics |
|
Definition
| heat naturally moves from a warmer region to a cooler one |
|
|
Term
| What is convection currents? |
|
Definition
| It creates the earth's magnetic field. |
|
|
Term
| oceanic-oceanic convergence |
|
Definition
| both plates have an oceanic leading edge |
|
|
Term
| Oceanic-continental convergence |
|
Definition
| when a plate with oceanic crust at its leading edge is subducted beneath a plate with continental crust along its leading edge. A deep ocean trench and a coastal mountain range form as a result. |
|
|
Term
| Continental-continental convergence |
|
Definition
| occurs when continental crust caps the leading edge of each colliding plate. Mountains form where crust wrinkles and pushes upward. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Slow changes by mechanical or chemical agents at or near Earth’s surface that disintegrate or decompose rock. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of weathering? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is mechanical weathering? |
|
Definition
| Mechanical weathering, usually caused by water, physically breaks rock down into smaller pieces. |
|
|
Term
| What is chemical weathering? |
|
Definition
| the compounds in rock decompose into substances that are more stable in the surface environment. |
|
|
Term
| What are the layers of the atmosphere? |
|
Definition
| troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, exosphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this layer is relatively thin, the troposphere contains 90% of the atmosphere’s mass and almost all of Earth’s water vapor and clouds. This makes the troposphere the densest atmospheric layer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ozone molecules form in the stratosphere and absorb ultraviolet
radiation (UV) from the Sun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| atmospheric pressure and air pressure, |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of the Earth's atmosphere |
|
Definition
| Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Neon, Helium, Methane, Hydrogen, Water Vapor, Carbon Dioxide, Ozone. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Coriolis effect? |
|
Definition
| The Coriolis effect is the tendency for moving bodies not attached to the Earth (such as air molecules) to move to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere |
|
|
Term
| How does humidity differ from relative humidity? |
|
Definition
| The amount of water vapor in air is its humidity. Relative humidity is the ratio of the amount of water vapor currently in the air compared with the largest amount of water vapor that it is possible for the air to hold at that temperature |
|
|
Term
| What are the different types of air masses? |
|
Definition
| maritime arctic,continental arctic, maritime polar, continental polar,maritime tropical, continental tropical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An instrument used to measure magnitude of an earthquake. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is currently used to measure the relative motion of different points on Earth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the primary tool for mapping landforms and observing rapid or slow changes on Earth’s surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of individuals of a single species that occupies a given area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of how organisms interact with their environments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temperature, sunlight, precipitation, rocks, ponds, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of all the organisms that live within a given area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of all the organisms that live within a given area and all the abiotic features of their environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any time two species in a community use the same resource—one that exists in limited supply |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the total set of biotic and abiotic resources it uses within a community. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when individuals of two species live in close association with one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a form of symbiosis that benefits
one species of the interaction while having no effect on the other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benefits one member of the interaction and harms the other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of symbiosis that benefits both species |
|
|
Term
| Second Law of Thermodynamics |
|
Definition
| dictates that energy is lost to the environment as heat in every chemical reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in areas with four distinct seasons, including a warm growing season and a cold winter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evergreen forests, are found in areas with long, cold winters and short summer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diagrammed food chain that contains multiple feeding levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| obtain food by eating other organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| species that live by making organic molecules out of inorganic materials and energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the species that eat the producers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| include meat-eating carnivores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Living organisms that make their own food and organic materials. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Living organisms that obtain their energy and organic materials from other living organisms or other outside sources. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A model of population growth in which a population grows at a rate proportional to its size. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is natural selection? |
|
Definition
| Organisms with heritable, advantageous traits leave more offspring than organisms with other traits, causing advantageous traits to become more common in populations over time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Differences in a trait from one individual to another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Traits that are passed from parents to offspring because they are at least partially determined by genes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Living organisms that obtain their energy and organic materials from other living organisms or other outside sources. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organisms with two different alleles for a given gene. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organisms with two identical alleles for a given gene. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of offspring an organism produces in its lifetime compared to other organisms in the population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups species together based on their evolutionary relationships and places birds squarely among the reptiles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to diagram the evolutionary relationships among species or other biological groups |
|
|
Term
| What are the three domains of life. |
|
Definition
| Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of living things. |
|
Definition
| use energy, develop and grow, maintain themselves, can reproduce, are part of evolving populations. |
|
|
Term
| What is a chemical reaction? |
|
Definition
| one or more new compounds are formed as a result of the rearrangement of atoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shows the substances about to react |
|
|
Term
| Law of conservation of energy? |
|
Definition
| energy is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Instead, it is merely converted from one form to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the rate at which the concentration of products increases (or equivalently, the rate at which reactants decrease). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have a nucleus as well as structures called organelles not found in prokaryotes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A eukaryotic organelle that breaks down organic molecules to obtain ATP. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A structure in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that is bound by a membrane and performs a specific function for the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The random movement of molecules resulting in the transport of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carrier proteins move molecules down a concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. requires no energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transport in which energy is required |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a portion of the cell membrane folds inward and pinches off, enclosing the material within a vesicle inside the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process in which materials are moved out of a cell through the fusion of a vesicle with the cell membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a special form of cell division used to make haploid cells, such as the egg cells and sperm cells of animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of cell division in which one parent cell divides into two daughter cells, each of which contains the same genetic information as the parent cell. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis? |
|
Definition
| Note the difference between meiotic metaphase I and mitotic metaphase. In mitosis, the chromosomes line up individually at the equatorial plane; in meiosis, homologous pairs of chromosomes line up opposite each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The production of new combinations of genes different from those found in the parental chromosomes as a result of crossing over during meiosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy input to the first trophic level drops dramatically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no drop in the 1st or 2nd trophic levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduction in energy into the third trophic level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy input to the first trophic level drops dramatically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| different researchers following the published methods finding the same results |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diagnose diseases
study engine wear in automobiles
locate leaks in faulty pipe system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
provide radiation cancer therapy
determine fertilizer absorption in plants |
|
|
Term
| recombinant DNA technology |
|
Definition
pedigree construction,engineering microorganisms
extract heavy metals
synthetic insulin production |
|
|
Term
| relationship between abiotic and biotic components or a forest ecosystem |
|
Definition
| precipitation causing weathering of rocks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no drop in the 1st or 2nd trophic levels |
|
|
Term
| What tool would be used to see Rilles on the moon's surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
assisting search and rescue operations
mapping the earth's surface
assessing flood damage |
|
|
Term
| scanning electron microscope (SEM) |
|
Definition
The surface of a yeast nucleus
A thin section of a plant mitochondrion
the contours of an insects exoskeleton |
|
|
Term
| What is the result of seasonal temperature variation on organism living in temperate forest |
|
Definition
| deciduous tree sheds its leaves in the fall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measuring earthquake magnitude |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| four oxygen joined to one silicon atom in a tetrahedron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mixture in which particles of one or more substances are distributed uniformly throughout another substance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vibrations of electromagnetic fields
vibrations of material medium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ACGGTC
______________
A pairs with T
C pairs with G |
|
|
Term
| transmission electron microscope |
|
Definition
a virus coated with gold
an isolated bacterial cell membrane stained with heavy metal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| useful in killing bacteria and sanitizing instruments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| frequency higher than that of visible light |
|
|
Term
| what effect does acid rain have on a marble building |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what makes a systems approach valid for scientific study? |
|
Definition
| it enables scientists to take into account the various parts of a system when making predictions about system behavior. |
|
|
Term
| Which action produces a decrease in both the electrical force and the gravitational force between tow charged objects? |
|
Definition
increasing the distance between the two objects-and
decreasing the electrical charge and the mass of both objects |
|
|
Term
| Which parts of an atomic nucleus experience both repulsion due to the electrical force and attraction due to the strong nuclear force? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which role does energy play n the formation of water from hydrogen and oxygen |
|
Definition
| energy is released to the enviornment |
|
|
Term
| Which sequences contain the correct arrangement of objects, increasing in distance from the sun? |
|
Definition
| Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, asteroid belt, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto |
|
|
Term
| which statement describes how cells, tissues, and organs of the circulatory system provide cells with oxygen? |
|
Definition
| red blood cells found in blood pick up oxygen from lungs, returning to the heart to be pumped to body cells through arteries. |
|
|
Term
| which statement describes the primary thermonuclear reaction that occurs within the sun? |
|
Definition
| A certain mass of hydrogen atoms is fused together within the sun every second to become a lesser mass of helium atoms, and the missing mass is released as radiant energy. |
|
|
Term
| which statement describes the process of thermonuclear fusion in a helium-burning star |
|
Definition
| two helium nuclei are separated to form four hydrogen nuclei, releasing light energy. |
|
|
Term
| which statement is a requirement of scientific inquiry? |
|
Definition
| hypotheses must be original, and results must be falsifiable. |
|
|
Term
| which two phenomena are the result of gravity between the moon and the earth? |
|
Definition
| earth pulling the moon towards it and one side of the moon always facing the earth. |
|
|
Term
| which two statements are true of mitosis and not meiosis |
|
Definition
it produces homologous chromosomes
it produces somatic cells |
|
|
Term
| which two statements correctly define Mendel's law of segregation |
|
Definition
pairs of alleles on different chromosomes separate individually during gamete formation.
more than one allele determines the appearance of a single trait. |
|
|
Term
| which two statements describe both photosynthesis and respiration |
|
Definition
oxygen is a product of photosynthesis but is consumed during respiration
photosynthesis is carried out by chloroplasts and respiration is carried out by mitochondria. |
|
|
Term
| which two statements illustrate the impact of a natural science discovery on another discipline? |
|
Definition
advancements in fossil dating methods have provided important evidence for physicists studying the big bang theory
A better understanding of the physical properties of sound has allowed for developments in liquid crystal displays. |
|
|
Term
| which type of star will the sun become? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why did the discovery of the cosmic background radiation with a wavelength of 7.35cm help to support the big bang theory of the universe? |
|
Definition
the wavelength matches the predicted value for the current temperature of the universe
the radiation is coming from all directions with no specific source. |
|
|
Term
| why do many radiation therapy patients have low red blood cell counts |
|
Definition
| bone marrow makes blood cells, which grow rapidly, making them very sensitive to the effects of chemotherapy. |
|
|
Term
| why does an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere cause Earth's temperature to increase |
|
Definition
| it results in more intense ultraviolet radiation |
|
|
Term
| why does primary succession take longer to reach climax community than secondary succession? |
|
Definition
| soil is not immediately available in a primary succession environment and must accumulate over time. |
|
|
Term
| why must earth scientists understand chemistry? |
|
Definition
chemical processes occur during the formation of sedimentary rocks
chemical reactions cause weathering of rocks, minerals, and mountain ranges. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| frequency higher than that of visible light, |
|
|
Term
| What are X-Rays used for? |
|
Definition
| used to identify broken bones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| giardia, a single celled heterotroph that causes severe gastric distress in its host. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gravity pushes inward
Thermal energy pushes outward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The mass of a star
very small size
huge gravitational force |
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| very object continues in its state of rest, or a uniform speed in a straight line, unless acted on by a nonzero force. |
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| The acceleration produced by a net force on an object is directly proportional to the net force, is in the same direction as the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object |
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| For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
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vibration that travels.
Transports energy not mass |
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Compressions and rarefactions
vibration in the same direction
sound |
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sinusoidal shape
vibration direction is perpendicular to the direction that the wave travels
radio, microwave, X-ray, earthquake p-waves |
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| how is the pitch of a sound changed? |
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| how is the volume or how loud a sound is changed |
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| wave bouncing off of a surface |
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| wave bending when passes through a medium |
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| wave spreading when passing through a hole |
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| when the source of the wave is moving |
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| Constructive Interference |
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| cancellation of both waves |
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| radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultra violet, x-rays, gamma rays |
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| is formed when an atom that tends to lose electrons is placed in contact with an atom that tends to gain them. |
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| is formed when two atoms that tend to gain electrons are brought into contact with each othe |
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| when one tectonic plate descends below another |
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plates moving away from one another.
<- -> |
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| plates come together. move toward one another -> <- |
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plates slide past each other.
Example: San Andreas |
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| The transfer of thermal energy in a gas or liquid by means of currents in the heated fluid. The fluid flows, carrying energy with it. |
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| Air that rises upward carrying thermal energy. |
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| Convergent plate boundary |
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| A place where neighboring plates move toward each other; old lithosphere is destroyed here. |
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| The study of the origin and structure of the physical universe. |
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| What are types of chemical weathering |
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| dissolution, oxidation, hydrolysis |
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| Cool giant stars above main-sequence stars on the H-R diagram. |
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| The process whereby a reactant gains one or more electrons |
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Guardia
a single celled heterotroph that causes severe gastric distress in its host. |
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| used to transmit AM and FM radio stations |
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| the study of electricity and electrical currents |
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| the study of force, energy, heat, sound, light and subatomic energies |
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| xylem and phloem transport nutrients |
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mosses,
multicelular
terrestrial
photosynthetic
autotrophs |
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| frequency lower than that of visible light |
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| potential difference across a nerve synapse |
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| a collection of measurements, notes, images, etc. to describe a phenomenon |
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| used to measure resistance to an electrical current |
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| tapeworms in people and fleas living on a dog. |
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| using spectral lines to determine a star's composition |
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contain minerals from igneous or sedentary rocks
can be foliated
can be porphyritic |
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| can be seen with the unaided eye |
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| useful in cooking and heating food. |
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it deflects moving charged particles
if forms concentric rings around a current-carrying wire |
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| majority of energy a cow receives from eating grass |
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growth and reproduction
maintenance
feces |
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| endothermic and give birth to live young |
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large interlocking crystals of calcite
non-foliated
metamorphic |
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| used to determine the distance to nearby stars using parallax |
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propagation of sound
driving in a straight line at a constant speed |
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results from accelerating electrons
exhibits refraction |
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| two effects of glaciers on earth's surface? |
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enhance soil creep on steep slopes
transport sediment and deposit it as moraines |
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| volume of air that can be inhaled in a single breath. |
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| is composed of primarily rock and nitrogen ice |
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| is near the final stage of evolution |
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| in no longer undergoing fusion |
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| is the most massive planet |
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| work done pushing a refrigerator across a room |
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| how is tectonic movement producing the Himalayan mountain ranges. |
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| a lithospheric plate is colliding with another lithospheric plate of similar buoyancy, causing upward motion, or continental plate is colliding with another continental plate causing upward motion. |
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| inferring the structure of the earth's interior |
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| a scientific idea undergoing testing |
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| in which group do all atoms have seven valence electrons in the ground state? |
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| frequency lower than that of visible light |
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| how does nitrogen move between abiotic and biotic components of an environment? |
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| It accounts for the beginnings of both space and time in the universe. |
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| how does the sequence change create genetic variation |
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| a point mutation causes amino acid changes in proteins |
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| How is energy transferred by radio waves? |
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| electrons emitted by the transmitting station are picked up by the radio receiver where they are converted to sound. |
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| how is table salt bonded together? |
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| chlorine and sodium fill their outermost energy shells by donating or gaining electrons, electrons n salt are transferred to form cations and anions. |
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| has rotation axis that is tilted 98 degrees to the perpendicular of its orbital plane |
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| has the lowest density of any planet |
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| contains substances that are not evenly distributed |
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| how do water molecules react to freezing |
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They move slightly away from each other.
They move in a more orderly arrangement
they decrease in translational energy |
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| How does light act as a wave |
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Definition
It interferes with itself resulting in a diffraction pattern
it exhibits a double slit interference pattern
*reflection, refraction and diffraction |
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| frequency higher than that of visible light |
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| used in medicine for cancer treatment |
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| coarse grained and plutonic |
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| gravitational potential energy |
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| energy increased as an object is raised to a greater height |
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| has a very strong magnetic field that produces the highest radiation levels ever measured in the solar system |
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| some posses cartilaginous skeletons |
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| yeast, single celled heterotroph used in baking |
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form symbiotic relationships with plant roots
autotrophs |
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it is induced by the flow of charged particles in the earth's liquid outer core
it is a flow of charged particles
it occurs when there is a difference in electrical potential |
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| an invagination of the cell membrane brings bacteria into the cell |
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posses a nucleus
can be unicellular or multicellular
have a cell membrane |
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| examples of newtons third law of motion |
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a cannon recoils after shooting a Cannon.
a rocket expels exhaust gases with the same force with which the gases propel the rocket |
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matching evidence to a suspect
determination of paternity |
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| the study of geology, meteorology, and oceanography |
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| composed primarily of nickel and iron, cannot be penetrated by S-Waves |
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| contains iron-rich silicate rock, and contains Mohorovicic discontinuity |
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| effects of Earth's Hadley cells |
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regions of high rainfall in the tropics
clear skies in the subtropical desert
trade winds |
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| the summary of the results of an experiment or set of experiments |
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| can be seen with the unaided eye |
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| describe the role of solar energy |
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plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through photosynthesis
solar energy warms air at the equator which rises and spreads towards the poles, circulating in large convection currents |
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| carbon arranged in a crystal lattice |
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there is movement of oxygen molecules across a membrane from areas of high to low concentration.
The random movement of molecules resulting in the transport of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
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random molecular motion.
energy stored in glucose |
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| the study of the interactions between c compounds and molecules |
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| determining which elements are in a meteorite |
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| testing a prediction of the theory of relativity |
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A system of classification based on the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of groups of organisms, rather than purely on shared features.
Many modern taxonomists prefer cladistics to the traditional hierarchies of Linnean classification systems. |
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| both light waves and sound waves |
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| can reflect from rough surfaces |
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| both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells |
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| bunny rabbit lethal virus example |
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| process of natural selection and genetic drift |
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| burns helium as its primary fuel |
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| burns hydrogen as its primary fuel |
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| atmospheric conditions experience by someone on the ground after a cold front passes |
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| air is pushed up abruptly as the front approaches and descends after the passage of the front, air temperature increases and then decreases after the passage of the front |
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| begins to have carbon build-up in the core |
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| assessing the impact of a meteor on an ecosystem |
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| the study of living organisms |
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| have hollow bones and are endothermic |
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carrier proteins using energy transport large organic molecules across the membrane.
movement of molecules across the cell membrane by a carrier protein that requires energy input |
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| sponges, multicellular heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by ingestion, spiders, multicellular heterotrophs with an exoskeleton |
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| the study of stars and planets |
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| at what speed do all the electromagnetic waves propagate in a vacuum |
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| at the speed of light, c-3.0x10"8 m/s |
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Energy released by reaction
reactants → products + energy |
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Consumes energy
energy + reactants → products |
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