What are resources? 

They are any naturally occurring substance that can be used by humans 

Examples of non renewable and renewable substances

Non renewable: Coal, natural gas, oils and metals 

Renewable: Water, trees, sunlight, fruit, wind

Defintion of renewable resouces 

Can be replensihed within a short period of time 

Definition of non renewable sources 

Cannot be replenished within a short period of time 

What does biotic mean

The living factors of an eco system are called the biotic component of the ecosystem 

What does abiotic mean 

The non living factors of an ecosystem are called the abiotic components of the ecosystem 

Examples of biotic factors 

Plants, bacteria, fungi, humans and animals 

Examples of abiotic factors 

air wind, water, rocks, light, dirt/soil

Define the term sustainable development 

Development that meets the needs of the present generations without compromising the ablity of future generations to meet their own needs 

What do all living systems require 

they require an energy source to drive the cycling of materials (such as water and carbon) 

Name three fossil fuels 

coal, crude oil, natural gas 

What are fossil fuels 

stored chemcial energy 

What is the majority of Australian electricty powered by 

coal 

Why do we use coal 

because it is cheap, at the moment it is still an abundant resource and it emits lots of energy 

What are the steps to generate coal into electricty 

1. Mine coal

2. Burn coal 

3. The heat from the coal boils the water 

4. The water produces steam and the high pressure system is passed through a narrow pope 

5. The steam turn the steam turbine causing it to move

6. Powers generator so that it can make electricty for homes

What is a hydrocabron 

It is a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms 

What does the size of the hydrocarbon affect

the properties including its state at room temperature 

What is crude oil 

Crude oi is a thick and flammable substance that occurs naturally below the earths surface 

What is crude oil a mixture of

Hydrocarbons 

What does crude oil contain 

a number of different useable compounds 

How do you access crude oil compounds 

you need to seperate them from the crude oil 

Where does fractional distillation take place 

cooling towers

How does fractional distillation work 

Crude oil is heated into the base of the tower and separated its components according to their boiling point 

smaller the carbon chain...

Lower the boilng point 

Lower the boiling point...

The higher it comes out of the machine e.g. methane 

How does the carbon chains exit 

Different length of carbon chains will exit at different points along the tower 

How can we seperate each fraction further 

Catalytic craking which speeds up the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules 

What are polymers made out of 

monomers 

What is polymerisation 

The chemical reaction in which small molecules link up to form polymers

What are plastics an example of 

Polymers 

What does double bonds mean 

it means its  very reactive 

What are some useful properties of plastics 

- Water- repellent 

- Harder wearing 

- Cheaper 

- Lighter 

- Non allergenic 

- Washable 

- Different apperances 

- Insulator 

What are some properties of plastics that make them pollutants 

- Non - biodegradable 

- Easily dispersed by wind and water 

- Plastic floats 

- Doesnt breath 

- Less comfortable than naturable fibres 

What is the definition of pollution 

Contamination by unwanted substances