Term
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Definition
| The process that breaks down rocks and other substances at Earth's surface. |
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Term
| What contributes to weathering? |
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Definition
| heat, cold, water, and ice |
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Term
| What are the 2 types weathering |
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Definition
1. chemical
2. mechanical or physcial |
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Term
| What is mechanical weathering |
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Definition
| Mechanical weather breaks rock into pieces 1) by freezing and thawing, 2) release of pressure, 3)growth of plants, 4)actions of animals and 5)abrasion. |
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Term
| Mechanical weathering is the type of weathering in which rock is ______________ broken into smaller pieces. |
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Definition
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Term
| MECHANICAL Organic activityis |
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Definition
| Roots of trees and other plants enter cracks in the rocks. As the roots grow, they force the cracks farther apart. Over time the roots of even small plants can pry apart cracked roots. |
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Term
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Definition
| The force that moves rock and other materials down hill. Gravity causes mass movement, any one of several processs that moves sediment down hill. |
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Definition
| common where road builders have cut highways through hill or mountains. |
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Term
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Definition
| a very slow movement of rock and solid you barely notice. You may notice objects tilted at spooky angles. Such as telephone poles, gravestones and fence posts. |
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Term
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Definition
| unlike a landslide the material in a slump moves down in one large mass. It looks like someone pulled the bottom out from under a part of a slope (hill). Slumps occur when water soaks the base of a mass of soil that is rich in clay. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid downhill movement of a mixture of water, rock and soil. Mudflows often occur after heavy rains in a normally dry area. Under certain condition soil/clay can suddenly turn to liquid and then flow. |
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Term
| MECHANICAL Freezing/Thawing is |
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Definition
| When water freezes in a crack in a rock, it expands and makes the crack bigger. The process of ice wedging also widens cracks in sidewalks and causes potholes in streets. |
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Term
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Definition
| When wind, water or other forces produces small particles and sand. |
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Term
| MECHANICAL Examples of abrasion is |
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Definition
| 1) water running over rocks causing smoothness. 2) smooth steps worn down due to people walking on them continuously (brick walkways for example) |
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Term
| MECHANICAL Exfoliation is |
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Definition
| caused by changes in temperature, is the breaking of material in curved sheets or slabs parallel to its surface. During the day, the rock heats up and expands. The same rock cools and contracts at night, and the process repeats day after day causing the rock to break off in slabs. |
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Term
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Definition
| The alteration of the chemical composition of a material in breaking it down. It includes water, oxygen, CO2, living organisms and acid rain. |
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Term
| CHEMCIAL Carbonation (CO2) is |
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Definition
| One of the gases found in air that is a cause of chemical weathering. CO2 becomes dissolved in rainwater and water that sinks through air pockets in the solid. The result is a weak acid called carbonic acid. It easily weathers limestone and marble. |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxygen gas in the air causes chemical weathering. The product of oxidation is rust. Rock that contains iron also oxidizes or rust. Rust makes rock soft and crumbly and gives it a red or brown color. |
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Term
| CHEMICAL Acid Rain (sulfuric acid) is |
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Definition
| Large amounts of coal, gas and oil for energy had been burning for over 150 years. These fuel can pollute the air with sulfur, carbon and nitrogen compounds. These compounds react chemically with water vapor in clouds, forming acids. These acids mix with rain drops and fall as acid rain. Acid rain causes very rapid chemical weathering. |
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Term
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Definition
| Imagine a seed landing on a rock face. As it sprouts the roots push into the cracks in the rock. As the roots grow they produce weak acids that slowly dissolve rock around the roots. |
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Term
| What are lichens (CHEMICAL) |
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Definition
| plant like organisms that grow on rocks also produce weak acids that chemically weather the rock. |
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