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Definition
| distinguish one kind of matter from another; can be observed or measured wihtout changing a substance into a different substance |
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| examples of physical properties |
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Definition
| temperature, odor, color, hardness, density, solubility and electrical conductivity |
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Definition
| these describe how a substance unites with other substances to form new substances |
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| examples of chemical properties |
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Definition
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| takes place when 2 or more substances unite or break apart chemically |
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Definition
| composed of only one type of atom; most basic components of the physical world |
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Definition
| groups of two or more atoms that are linked together by chemical bonds |
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| examples of elements that are also molecules |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. chemical combination
2. components lose their properties to form a new substance with its own properties
3. substance A + B=new substance C
4. components combined chemically in invariable proportions
5. substances cannot be separated without a chemical reaction |
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Definition
| water (hydrogen and oxygen) |
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Definition
| the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in the molecule |
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Term
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Definition
1. physical combination
2. components retaain their own properties
3. substance A + B= blend of A and B
4. components present in variable proportions
5. substances can be separated without a chemical reaction |
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Definition
| solutions, colloids and other mixtures |
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| when the molecules of the 2 substances are completely mixed |
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Definition
| salt water, honey, carbonated drinks |
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Term
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Definition
| when the molecules of the 2 substances are not completely mixed; the molecules of 1 substance gather into clumps |
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Term
| what do colloids look like |
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Definition
| milky appearance under a bright light because the clumps scatter the light(known as the Tydall effect) |
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Term
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Definition
| fog, smoke, milk, gelatin |
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Term
| third type of mixture (other) |
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Definition
| happens when discrete particles of one substance are mixed with discrete particles of another substance, but the mixing is less thorough than in solutions or colloids |
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| example of "other" mixtures |
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Definition
| mixing sand and sugar-they get mixed in, but they are not completely mixed |
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Term
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Definition
| combinations of chemical symbols and numbers showing the type and number of atoms in a compound |
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Term
| what are the three major kinds of formulas |
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Definition
| molecular, stuctural, empirical |
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Term
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Definition
| gives the mumber of each type of atom in a molecule |
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Definition
| most informative type of formula; shows the general arrangement of the atoms in a molecule |
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Definition
| shows only the simplest ratio of atoms in a molecule |
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Definition
| The force of attraction that holds atoms together in a molecule ornionic crystal |
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Definition
| A chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence eectrons between atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| The sharing of two pairs of electrons |
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Definition
| The sharing of 3 pairs of electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| When both atoms have the sAme strength of electrical attraction for the shared electron |
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Definition
| One atom has a stronger electrical atraction for the shared electrons the does theother atom |
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Definition
| A molecule that has oppositely charged end or poles |
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Definition
| A type of chemical bond in which positively charged ions are electrically attracted to negativey charged ions |
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Definition
| Muttually attracted ions formed orderly geometric arrangements |
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Definition
| Muttually attracted ions formed orderly geometric arrangements |
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Definition
| The forces of adhesion and cohesion between molecules that bind them together to form larger objects |
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Definition
| The intermolecular force of attraction between polar molecules |
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Definition
| A type of intermolecular force that occurs between all molecules |
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Definition
| Molecules of hard or brittle substances are often arranged in a regular 3D pattern |
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Definition
| Group together in long tangled chains |
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Definition
| Group together in long tangled chains |
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Definition
| The vapor pressure and boiling point of a substance depend primarily on this |
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Definition
| The ability of one substance to be dissolved in another substance also results in another substance |
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Definition
| If a given substance will not readily dissolve in a given solvent |
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Definition
| Chemical change resulting from a collision bw atoms or molecules |
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Definition
| The original substances that undergo a chemical reaction |
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Definition
| New substance produced by the reaction |
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Definition
| An expression that uses chemical symbols to represent a chemical reaction |
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Definition
| Reactants + reactants------> products |
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| Law of conservation of mass |
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Definition
| The total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products |
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Term
| What happens to atoms in a chemical reaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we call a chem equation that has the same number of each type of atom on each side of the arrow? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can molecular formulas be changed in order to balance an equation? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The kinetic energy needed for colliding molecules to chemically react |
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Definition
| A chemical reaction that rleases heat energy |
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| Formula for exothermic reactions |
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Definition
| Reactants----->products+energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical reactns that absorb heat |
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| Formula for endothermic reactions |
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Definition
| Reactants + energy-------->products |
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Term
| Second law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| Heat and ither natural processes in a system always tend toward less usuable energy and greater disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| The amoun t of decay or disorder in a system |
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Term
| Name the factors that can affect the rate of reactions |
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Definition
| Temperature, concentration, surface area, use of catalysts |
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Term
| What will an increase in temp do to a chem reaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What will increased concentration do to a chem reaction? |
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Definition
| Increase the rate of reaction |
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Term
| What will increasing the surface area of the reactants do to a chem reaction? |
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Definition
| Increase the speed of the reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances that alter the rate of a chem reaction without being permanently changed |
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| Name the four types of chemical reactions |
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Definition
| Combination, decompositioin, single displacement, double displacement |
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Term
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Definition
| Chem reactions in which two or more substances combine to form a third substance |
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Definition
| Chem reactions in which a complex compound breaks down to form a different substance |
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Definition
| Chem reactions in which one element in a compound is replaced by another element |
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Definition
| Chemical reaction in which two compounds swap ingredients |
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Definition
| A general term referring to any ionic compound composed of any cation except a hydrogen and any anion except a hydroxide ion |
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Term
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Definition
| An ionic compound that releases hydrogen cations when it disassociates in water, has a pH of less than 7, turns litmus red, & has sour taste |
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Term
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Definition
| Any ionic compound that produces hydroxide anions when it disassociates in water, has a pH greater than 7, turns litmus blue, feels slippery, tastes bitter & often can corrode certsin metals |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that is neither an acid or a base |
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Definition
| Scale used to describe the relative strength of an acid or base |
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Definition
| A solution capable of conducting electricity |
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Definition
| A type voltaic cell in which the electrolyte is a moist paste instead of a liquid |
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Definition
| An electrochemical cell that produces electricity and can be recharged by electric current from an outside source |
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Definition
| Type of hydrocarbon containing one or more triple bonds bw carbon atoms |
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Definition
| A hydrocarbon that has had one or more of its hydroatoms replaced by a hydroxyl group |
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Definition
| Organic compound similiar to soaps but capable of cleansing even in hard water |
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Definition
| A huge organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules caled monomers linked together |
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Definition
| Group of organic molecules that includes fats and oils |
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Definition
| An imp lipid used to make bile, vitamin d, cell membranes and hormones |
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Definition
| Organic molecules that function as the building blocks of proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| A tpe of protein combined of long straight chains of amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| Organic compounds that contain the blue prints that guide e construction of proteins in a cells |
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Definition
| The structure of DNA sometimes a twisted ladder |
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Term
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Definition
| The characteristics of DNA |
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Definition
| Makes copies of the segments of the DNA that contains the code for that protein |
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Definition
| Where the protein is manufactured |
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Definition
| Process in living cells in which glucose is broken down into CO 2 and water, releasing energy used to make ATP |
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Definition
| A molecule that serves as the energy carrier of a cell |
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Definition
| The process by which the body produces and uses energy from food |
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