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| An examination into how genetic technologies influence humans and society. |
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| One version of a gene for a specific trait. |
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| When a scientist intentionally separates a developing embryo to form two independent clones. |
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| Reproduction involving only one parent. All the offspring are genetically the same as the parent, and the same as one another. |
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| A type of asexual reproduction carried out by primitive single celled organisms. DNA is copied and the parent cell divides into two daughter cells (which are clones). |
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| A type of asexual reproduction carried out by multicellular organisms. A clone offspring develops from the surface cells of the parent. |
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| An individual possessing a hidden, recessive allele for a specific trait. |
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| The basic structural unit of any living organism. |
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| A general property that can be used to identify an organism. (Examples: height, mass, color, gender, etc...) |
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| A tightly wound mass of DNA which contains genes. ("Colorful Body") |
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| An organism that shares the same set of genetic information as another organism. Also, the act of creating such an organism. |
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| When two traits are distinctly expressed at the same time. |
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| Having a complete set of genetic material needed for reproduction. |
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| The variety of traits and characteristics within a species or a population. |
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| A substance in chromosomes containing chemical codes for an individual’s traits. (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) |
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| An adjective that describes the “stronger” allele in gene pair for a specific trait. |
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| The study of changes in gene expression that result when certain genes are "turned off" or "turned on". |
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| When a sperm cell unites with an egg cell to combine genetic information. |
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| A comparison between one part of a group to the whole group. |
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| Twins that develop when two egg cells from one mother are simulataneously fertilized by two sperm cells from one father. |
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| A cell that is specially designed for sexual reproduction. Gametes are haploid. (Male = sperm, Female = egg) |
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| A coded section of DNA containing instructions for the development of a trait. |
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| The offspring of parents (and there cousins) making up one stage of a family's natural line of descent. |
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| Genetically Modified Organism |
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| (GMO) Living things with new or different traits resulting from manipulation of their genes. |
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| The study of how genes influence the traits of organisms and their offspring. |
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| The combination of genes/alleles that an individual has for one or more traits. |
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| Having 1/2 of the genetic material needed for reproduction. |
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| The study of how traits are passed from generation to generation. |
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| An adjective to describe a gene pair with two different alleles. |
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| An adjective to describe a gene pair with two similar alleles. |
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| Twins that develop when one embryo divides to become two separate embryos which are clones. |
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| When two traits are blended together in their expression. |
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| A visual display of the chromosomes from one cell, arranged in pairs from longest to shortest. It can be useful in identifying chromosomal disorders. |
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| A type of cellular reproduction resulting in the formation of haploid gametes. In males, sperm are produced. In females, eggs are produced. |
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| An augustine monk who in the 1860's first recognized patterns of inheritance based on his extensive research with garden peas. |
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| When an allele is clearly dominant over its partner as seen in its strong phenotypic expression. |
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| A type of cellular reproduction in which chromosomes are first copied and evenly distributed prior to the cell dividing into two identical daughter cells (clones). |
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| An offspring that inherits an altered or disrupted gene. |
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| A disruption in the DNA code of a gene which changes the formation of an associated trait. |
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| A structure within many cells that contains the genetic material. |
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| The product of either asexual or sexual reproduction. |
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| A chart that shows how traits are distributed in several generations of a family. |
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| A comparison between one part of a group to the the whole group, as if the group was equal to 100. |
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| An observable trait resulting from an individual’s gene combinations. |
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| A graphic tool used for making predictions about the outcomes of a genetic crosses during breeding experiments. |
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| A comparison between two or more parts within a group. The parts should add up to the sum of the whole group. |
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| An adjective that describes the “weaker” allele in a gene pair for a specific trait. |
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| A trait for which the gene is located on one of the sex chromosomes. Inheritance and expression of sex-linked traits are influenced by the gender of the individual. |
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| Reproduction involving two parents. Each offspring receives 1/2 genetic information from the mother and 1/2 from the father. |
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| ('"Body Cell") Any cell from the body that is not a sex cell. Somatic cells are diploid and they are produced through mitosis. |
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| Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer |
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| (SCNT) A form of cloning initiated by removing the haploid nucleus from an egg cell and replacing it with the diploid nucleus of a somatic cell. |
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| A descriptive term used to help define a specific characteristic. (Examples: tall frame, light weight, dark skin, etc...) |
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