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A vacuum is where there is no particles.
space is an example of a vacuum. |
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Types of mechanical waves include water and sound waves.
These types of waves cannot pass through a vacuum. |
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Types of electromagnetic waves include light and heat waves.
Electromagnetic waves can pass through a vacuum. |
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| Is the number of crests that pass a given point in one second. |
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Wavelength is the distance between the crests of the wave.
The smaller the wavelength the more energy there is. |
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Luminous objects produce their own light.
An example of a luminous object is the sun. |
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Light can travel as an electromagnetic wave that can be seen by humans.
Light can travel through a vacuum.
The frequency and wavelengh of different light determines how we see colour. |
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| Many light rays travelling together. |
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| If light rays travel through a substance and you can clearly see through it. |
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| If light rays travel through a substance but you cannot clearly see through it. |
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| If light rays do not travel through a substance. |
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Smooth shiny objects are able to produce an image of nearby objects.
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1. Light travels in straight lines.
2. Light travels much faster than sound
3. We see things because they reflect light into our eyes |
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| Shadows are places where light is blocked. |
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| Regular Reflection is where light hits a flat shiny surface and bounces back parallel to the other rays. |
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| Diffuse Reflection is where light hits an uneven surface and bounces back in an irregular way. |
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1. When light strikes a mirror, the reflected ray bounces off the mirror at the same angle as it strikes the mirror.
2. The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection no matter how the light strikes the surface. |
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| The incident ray is the light ray that comes towards the surface. |
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| The angle between the normal and incident ray. |
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| The reflected ray is the outgoing ray from the surface. |
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| The angle between the normal and reflected ray. |
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| The normal ray is the ray between the incident and reflected ray. |
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A concave mirror is a mirror that is curved inwards.
In a concave mirror the object appears smaller. |
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| The point where two or more beams of light meet. |
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| When light reflects inwards. |
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A mirror that curves outwards.
In a convex mirror the object appears bigger. |
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| Where light is reflected out from a convex mirror. |
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The bending of light is called refraction.
Refraction occurs because as light travels through materials of different density its speed changes slightly.
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The only time refraction doesnt occur is when light hits at exactly 90 degrees.
When light travels from a less dense to a more dense substance it bends towards normal.
When light travels from a more dense to a less dense substance it moves away from normal.
The smaller the angle the more dense the substance is. |
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