Term
|
Definition
| A problem/object that we can't directly observe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Testable Prediction
(Normally If/Then statements) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Evidence or reason to back up hypothesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
True in Latin
The word used when something in science is trustworthy/true |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How trustworthy something is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compared to other theories, it is the simplest.
It explains all of observations so far, and allows you to predict what would happen. |
|
|
Term
| How do you judge the validity of an experiment? |
|
Definition
-repeated lots of times with precise results
-experiment tests only one variable at a time while all other variables are held constant
-if appropriate, their is one group that is not exposed to experimental testing |
|
|
Term
| How do you judge the validity of a hypothesis? |
|
Definition
| -a reasonable rationale must be provided otherwise the validity of the experiment will be wrong and you will have to redo the entire experiment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The change made by experimenter
Graphed on X-Axis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The change that is seen as a result of changing the independent variable
Graphed on Y Axis |
|
|
Term
| How are Black Boxes investigated? |
|
Definition
Trial and Error
Many Observations
Carful Experimentations to test ideas
Application of Occam's Razor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anything detected using the five senses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process for investigating and solving problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An explanation of observations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A simplified version used for easy study |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An observation of importance that has been observed many times by many people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The simplest theory is usually correct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Have a logical explanation (Rationales based on observation or previous experiments) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Test one variable at a time while keeping the other variables constant
Are repeated many times
Have precise data that shows a definite trend
Have a control group for comparison when needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Explain all observations
Do not contradict observations
Are not overly complex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any conditions of an experiment that are deliberately kept the same |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A comparison group (That does not get the independent variable) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A test, repeated many times |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The degree of trustworthiness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dara is close together in value |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An idea that seems correct on the surface, but turns out to be incomplete or wrong |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The material that everything is made p of, it has mass and takes up space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The amount of matter in an object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The measure of the force of gravity on an object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest amount of an element that still retains the properties of that element |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The amount of space an object takes up |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Matter expands when it gets hotter, contracts when it cools |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Theory of Matter (KMT) |
|
Definition
All matter is made up of constant, moving particles
Energy makes particles move. The more energy they have, the more they move.
Heat=Energy The more heat, the more the move (Thermal Expansion) |
|
|
Term
| What are the four states of matter? |
|
Definition
| Solids, Liquids, Gas, and Plasma |
|
|
Term
| Do Solids have definite shapes and definite volumes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the particles of a Solid |
|
Definition
| Tightly packed, moving but close together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Particles are arrange in a repeating, geometric pattern |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Non-Crystalline
Appear to be solids, but are not made of crystals |
|
|
Term
| Do Liquids have definite shapes and definite volumes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the particles in a Liquid |
|
Definition
| Still close together, but far enough apart that they can move around |
|
|
Term
| Do Gases have definite shapes and definite volumes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the particles in a Gas |
|
Definition
| Particles move freely throughout the air, very far apart and vibrating constantly |
|
|
Term
| Can you keep a Gas contained? Does it matter what size the container is? |
|
Definition
Yes, a gas can be contained.
No, gas particles expand or contrast to fill the space available to them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A Gas-like mixture with negatively and positively charged particles
VERY HOT |
|
|
Term
| Does Plasma have a definite shape and a definite volume? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common state of matter in the universe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
The colder the object, the more Kinetic Energy its particles have |
|
Definition
False
The WARMER the object, the more Kinetic Energy its particles have |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When matter changes from a solid to a liquid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When matter changes from a liquid to a solid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When heat is added to a liquid until it reaches a temperature at which it changes into a gas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When liquid changes to a gas gradually over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a gas changes to a liquid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a solid changes directly into a gas without going into the liquid phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amount of energy needed to change a material from the solid state to the liquid state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The amount of energy needed to change a material from a liquid to a gas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flat parts of a heat curve when a change of state is occurring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The amount of force applied to an area |
|
|
Term
| What is the formula for pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Air Pressure measured? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The law states that pressure is inversely proportioned to the volume
(As the pressure goes up, the volume goes down) |
|
|
Term
True or False
The pressure of a gas depends on how fast the particles are vibrating |
|
Definition
False
The pressure of a gas depends on how often the particles strike the wall of its container |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Charles's Law states that as the temperature of a gas increases, the volume increases, provided the pressure stays the same
(If the temperature goes up, the volume goes up, but ONLY if the pressure stays the same) |
|
|
Term
Colloid
Give AT LEAST one example |
|
Definition
A Heterogenous mixture that, like a solution, never settles.
Ex: Milk, Jello, Whipped Cream, and Smoke |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A characteristic of a substance that can be observed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A property that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A change in size, shape, or state of matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A changing of one substance in a material into another new substance |
|
|
Term
| Law of Conservation of Mass |
|
Definition
Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical change
The mass of all substances before a chemical change is equal to the mass of all the substances remaining after the change |
|
|
Term
| What is the key to remembering the Metric System? (The code, the thing to remember, etc.) |
|
Definition
King Henry Danced So Dukes Could Mingle
kilo hecto deka Unit Deci Centi Milli
km hm dam k dm cm mm
kL hL daL L dL cL mL
kg hg dag g dg cg mg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system where matter cannot enter of leave |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
All measurements are perfect |
|
Definition
False
NO measurements are perfect
Zip, Zero, NADA |
|
|
Term
How do I know how many SigFigs are in a number?
(What are the rules?) |
|
Definition
Rule 1: All non zero digits are significant (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
Rule 2: Any zeros BETWEEN significant digits are also significant (12009)
Rule 3: If the number DOES NOT contain a decimal point, any zeros to the right of a non-zero number are NOT significant (1000, 1=yes 000=no)
Rule 4: If zeros are at the end of a number that has a decimal, the zeros are significant (1000.00, 1000. yes, .00 no)
Rule 5: If a value has no significant digits to the left of the decimal point, any zeros to the right of the decimal point before the non-zero numbers are NOT significant (0.0082, 0.00=no, 82=yes)
Rule 6: Zeros that are found after non-zero numbers to the right of the decimal point are significant (0.0008200, 0.000=no, 8200=yes)
RUle 7: When you have scientific notation, you only count the coefficient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can be used to describe both an object and also the substance it is made of |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Describe the matter in any way
May vary with the amount of substance present |
|
|
Term
| Characteristic Properties |
|
Definition
| Either unique to that substance or they reduce the number of possibilities significantly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two or more elements chemically joined |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two or more substances (Do not combine chemically) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mixture of two or more metals melted together, having new and different properties |
|
|
