Term
| What is the formula for finding the volume of a regular shape? |
|
Definition
| Volume = length X width X height |
|
|
Term
| Find the volume of a box that is 12 cm long, 6 cm wide, and 4 cm high. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the three most common states of matter. Give an example of each. |
|
Definition
| Solid – table, Liquid – water, Gas - oxygen |
|
|
Term
| Describe the movement of molecules in each state of matter. |
|
Definition
Solid – vibrate or shake in place
Liquid – can move around and slide passed each other
Gas – can move about very freely |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest, or most basic, unit of matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains only one type of atom |
|
|
Term
| What is a compound? Give at least one example. |
|
Definition
| Consists of two or more types of atoms bonded together. Example – salt |
|
|
Term
| What is a mixture? Give at least one example. |
|
Definition
| A combination of different things that stay the same individual thing when mixed and can be separated physically. Example: fruit salad |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 ways to separate a mixture. |
|
Definition
| Magnets, evaporation, filtering |
|
|
Term
| Describe the particle arrangement and movement in a solid. |
|
Definition
| Tightly packed together, constant motion by twisting and vibrating. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the particle arrangement and movement in a liquid. |
|
Definition
| Spread out and move constantly more freely than a solid, but not as much as a gas. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the particle arrangement and movement in a gas. |
|
Definition
| Spread far apart, move constantly and the most freely of all states of matter. |
|
|
Term
| What are physical changes? Give two examples. |
|
Definition
| A change in any physical property of a substance, not the substance itself. Examples: shaping a piece of clay, or painting a house |
|
|
Term
| What are chemical changes? Give two examples. |
|
Definition
| A change of one substance into another. Examples: burning wood or iron rusting |
|
|
Term
| What is an insulator? Give an example. |
|
Definition
| Material that does NOT allow electricity to flow easily. Rubber. |
|
|
Term
| What is a Conductor? Give an example. |
|
Definition
| Material that does allow electricity to flow easily. Metal |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between current electricity and static electricity? |
|
Definition
| Current electricity is a continuous flow of electric charge while static electricity is a buildup of electric charge. |
|
|
Term
| In a series circuit, if one appliance stops working, what will happen to the other appliances in the same circuit? |
|
Definition
| They will stop working because they share the same path to the voltage source. |
|
|
Term
| In a parallel circuit, if one appliance stops working, what will happen to the other appliances in the same circuit? |
|
Definition
| The other items will still work because each has its own path to the voltage source. |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of a circuit breaker when the circuit is overloaded? |
|
Definition
| To open the circuit and turn off the power. |
|
|
Term
| List and describe the four basic characteristics of living things. |
|
Definition
1. organization – have cells that allow them to get energy and to move.
2. growth – consume food to get larger
3. reproduction – form other organisms like themselves, DNA is copied and passed on to offspring
4. response to their environment – react to light, temperature and touch |
|
|
Term
| Define symbiosis. Describe the three different types of symbiosis. |
|
Definition
A close relationship between 2 different species that live close together
1. Mutualism – both species benefit
2. commensalism – one species benefits, the other is not affected
3. parasitism – one species benefits, the other species is harmed. |
|
|
Term
| How are organisms classified? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 21. Most scientists consider viruses to be non-living. Explain why. What do they have in common with bacteria? |
|
Definition
| They do not respond to their environment, don’t grow, and don’t take in energy. They have DNA like bacteria do. |
|
|
Term
| What are bacteria? List the defining characteristics. |
|
Definition
| Simplest form of life. Single celled, no nuclei |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smallest unit of life that is able to perform the basic functions of life. |
|
|
Term
| Compare and contrast plant cells and animal cells. |
|
Definition
Compare – both have nuclei, cell membrane, mitochondria
Contrast – plant cell has chloroplasts, animal cell does not. Plant cell has cell wall, animal cell does not. Plant cell is rectangular shape, animal cell is circular or irregular shaped |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process in which producers use energy from the sun to make sugar. |
|
|
Term
| Explain cellular respiration. |
|
Definition
| Process in which cells use oxygen to release stored energy. |
|
|
Term
| What 2 factors make up an ecosystem? |
|
Definition
Abiotic factors - non living
Biotic factors– living thing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The physical location where plants and animals live. |
|
|
Term
| Explain the difference between deciduous and coniferous trees. |
|
Definition
Deciduous – broad leaves, drop leaves in winter time, dormant in winter time
Coniferous – needle like leaves, keep leaves in winter time |
|
|
Term
| Give 2 examples of animal adaptations. |
|
Definition
Thick fur for cold climates
Skin/fur color for camouflage |
|
|
Term
| Explain how living things cooperate and compete. |
|
Definition
Cooperate – working together to benefit all, ants bring food to the nest
Competition - a struggle for limited resources, hyenas and vultures fighting over remains of dead animal for food. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organism that makes its own energy using sunlight. |
|
|
Term
| What is a consumer? Explain the 3 levels. |
|
Definition
An organism that gets energy from eating other living things
Primary – first link between producers and the rest of the consumers
Secondary – eat primary consumers
Tertiary - eat secondary consumers |
|
|
Term
| Explain the role of decomposers. |
|
Definition
| An organism that breaks down dead organic matter |
|
|
Term
| What is an energy pyramid? |
|
Definition
| The amount of energy decreases as you move up the pyramid |
|
|
Term
| Compare and contrast food chains and food webs. |
|
Definition
Compare – both show feeding relationships, both have producers and consumers
Contrast – food chain only show a single chain of consumers, and food web is many overlapping food chains. |
|
|
Term
| What would happen if an organism were removed from its ecosystem? |
|
Definition
| Other organisms that rely on it for food could die out. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substances that are harmful to the environment. |
|
|
Term
| Explain the difference between erosion and weathering. |
|
Definition
Weathering – Rocks break down to form sediment
Erosion - The movement of rock/soil |
|
|
Term
| What is meant by the term “urban growth”? How does it affect ecosystems? |
|
Definition
Population grows and there is an increased demand for resources.
Can cause increase in erosion, loss of farmland, and poor air quality |
|
|
Term
| What are the main components of soil? |
|
Definition
| Rock particles, organic matter, air, water |
|
|
Term
| What percent of all water on Earth is fresh water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are sedimentary rocks formed? |
|
Definition
| when loose rock particles are pressed together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Remains of dead plants/animals from long ago |
|
|
Term
| What type of rock are fossils found in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can fossils tell us about the past? |
|
Definition
| Can give clues to how the Earth once looked. |
|
|
Term
| Give an example of a natural disaster and how it impacts the Earth. |
|
Definition
| Earthquake, tornado, volcano, flood, drought, hurricane – damages Earth, causes erosion, etc. |
|
|
Term
| What is the scientific method? |
|
Definition
| An organized way of conducting an experiment. Steps: 1. Question/Purpose 2. Hypothesis 3. Collect Data 4. Conclusion |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of a microscope? |
|
Definition
| To see microorganisms close up |
|
|
Term
| What is an appropriate tool and unit of measurement for the height of a textbook? |
|
Definition
| ruler/meter stick, centimeters |
|
|
Term
| What is an appropriate tool and unit of measurement for the mass of a bottle of glue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prediction/educated guess |
|
|
Term
| What is the mean for the following set of data? 14, 33, 22? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an independent variable? |
|
Definition
| The only thing "I" change in an experiment. What you are testing. |
|
|
Term
| What is a dependent variable? |
|
Definition
| The data collected, or what is being measured and recorded. |
|
|
Term
| What is a qualitative observation? |
|
Definition
| Based on the five senses, tells the quality. |
|
|
Term
| What is a quantitative observation? |
|
Definition
| Based on numbers, think of quantity. |
|
|
Term
| Why should you repeat trials in an experiment? |
|
Definition
| To make sure nothing external has affected the trial |
|
|
Term
| What are some advantages and disadvantages of the use of technology in science? |
|
Definition
Adv – data is sent faster, more accurate/less human error
Disadv – sometimes equipment breaks, expensive |
|
|
