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Science Chapter 3 Sections 2 & 3
science notes
29
Science
7th Grade
09/20/2011

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Term
What has a selectively permeable membrane that regulates what goes into or out of the cell?
Definition
cells
Term
What is the movement of substances through a cell membrane without the input of energy?
Definition
passive transport
Term
What is it called when molecules move away from areas where there are more of them into areas where there are fewer of them; stops when the molecules of one substance are spread evenly throughout another substance, and equilibrium occurs?
Definition
diffusion
Term
What is Osmosis?
Definition
the diffusion of water through a cell membrane
Term
In what does transport proteins move substances into and out of the cell?
Definition
facilitated diffusion
Term
What requires energy to move a substance through a cell membrane
Definition
active transport
Term
What is the process in which a substance is taken into a cell by surrounding it with the cell membrane, forming a sphere called a vesicle?
Definition
Endocytosis
Term
What is Exocytosis?
Definition
the process in which the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell's membrane and the cesicle's contents are released outside the cell
Term
What is photosynthesis?
Definition
the process that plants and other organisms use to covery light theory into chemical energy or sugars to be used as food
Term
What are organisms that make their own food?
Definition
producers
Term
What are organisms that can't make their own food?
Definition
consumers
Term
Chlorophyll and other pigments used in photosynthesis capture what?
Definition
light energy which is used to produce sugar and oxygen
Term
What is the process in which chemical reactions break down food molecules into simpler substances and release stored energy?
Definition
respiration
Term
Where does Respiration of carbonhdrated begin?
Definition
in the cytoplasm
Term
What are broken down into gllucose molecules?
Definition
carbonhydrates
Term
Each glucose molecule is broken down into how many simpler molecules?
Definition
2
Term
What moves into the mitochondria?
Definition
respiration
Term
Two or more kinds of atoms form what?
Definition
compounds
Term
Living things and their products are what kind of compounds?
Definition
organic
Term
All living things contain what?
Definition
carbon and hydrogen
Term
Things that are called enzymes are organic compounds that help regulate chemical reactions in cells. What are these things called?
Definition
proteins
Term
What kind of compounds are made from an element other than carbon?
Definition
inorganic
Term
Cells have what kind of membranes?
Definition
seclectively permeable
Term
What kind of transport is movement through a cell membrane without using energy?
Definition
passive transport
Term
What is a passive transport that moves particles away from areas with more particles into areas whith fewer particles in order to spread them out?
Definition
diffusion
Term
What is the diffusion of water in and out of cells?
Definition
osmosis
Term
What is active transport?
Definition
large particles may need to use energy to pass through cell membranes
Term
What uses energy to TAKE particles ito a cell?
Definition
endocytosis
Term
What RELEASES particles out of a cell?
Definition
exocytosis
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