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| Your ship doesn't have a easy time getting inside the cell. |
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The cell wall is a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organismsms. A plant's cell wall helps to protect and support the cell. |
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After you sail through the cell wal you meet the next barrier the cell membrane. The cell membrane controls what substances come into and out of the cell. |
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| The nucleus is like the cell's control center, directing all of the cell's activities. |
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| The nucleus is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope. It protects the Nucleus (like a envelope protects the letter). Materials pass in and out of the nucleus through pores in the nuclear envelope. |
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The thin strands floating directly ahead in the nucleus, are called chromatin, they contain genetic material, the instructions for directing the cell's functions. For example: the instructions in the chromatin ensure that leaf cells grow and divide to form more leaf cells. |
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| When you leave the nucleus, there is a small object that you will spot floating by. This stucture, a nucleolus, is where ribosomes are made. Ribosomes are organelles where proteins are prosduced (proteins are important chemicals in cells. |
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| Organelles in the Cytoplasm |
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| As you leave the nucleus, you find yourself in the cytoplasm, the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus. The cytoplasm is a clear, thick, gel-like fluid, the fluid inside is constantly moving. Many cell organelles are found in the cytoplasm. |
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| Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions. |
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When you sail on after passing the cytoplasm, you find yourself in a maze of passageways called the endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum's passageways carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another. |
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| Attached to some surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum are small, grainlike bodies called ribosomes. Other Ribosomes float in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes function as factories to produce protiens. |
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| The golgi can be thought of like the cell's mail room. Golgi bodies recieve protiens and other newly formed materials from the endo-plasmic reticulum, package them, and destribue them to other parts of the cell. |
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| Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell. The Golgi bodies also release materials outside the cell. |
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| Vacuoles are the storage areas of cells. |
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| Lysosomes are small, round structures containing chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell. |
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| In many-celled organisms, cells are often organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems. |
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| While a bacterial cell does have a cell wall and a cell membrane, it does not contain a nucleus. The bacterial cell's genetic material, which looks like a thick tangled string, is found in the cytoplasm. |
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