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| Johannes Gutenberg develops a printing press with movable type. |
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Copernicus publishes his heliocentric theory book (De Revolutionibus orbium coelestium).
Andreas Vesalius publishes the seven-volume book "De humani corporis fabrica," which challenge the works of Galen and Aristotle. |
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| William Harvey publishes "On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals." |
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Founding of the Royal Society in London.
Robert Boyle develops Boyle's Law and publishes "The Skeptical Chemist." |
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| Tyco Brahe dies, leaving his detailed astronomical observations to his younger associate, Johannes Kepler. |
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| Rene Descartes publishes "Discourse on Method." |
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| French Geodesic Mission, sponsored by the French Academy of Sciences, sends expeditions to Ecuador and Lapland to measure the curvature of the Earth. |
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Robert Hooke publishes "Micrographia" and identifies cell structure.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek uses a compound microscope to describe microscopic life forms. |
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| Thomas Newcomen develops the first practical steam engine to achieve widespread use. |
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| 400 ton obelisk moved in Rome to St. Peter's Piazza. |
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