Term
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Definition
| A purine base, C5H5N5, that is one of the fundamental components of nucleic acids forming a base pair with thymine (T) in DNA and pairing with uracil (U) in RNA. |
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Term
| Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) |
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Definition
| A nucleotide that functions in the transfer of energy during the metabolism of glucose. ADP is formed by the removal of a phosphate from adenosine triphosphate and is composed of adenine, ribose, and two phosphate groups. Compare ATP. |
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Term
| Adenosine Triphoshate (ATP) |
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Definition
| A nucleotide that is the primary source of energy in all living cells because of its function in donating a phosphate group during bicochemical activities; composed of adenosine, ribose, and three phosphate groups and formed by enzymatic reaction from adenosine diphosphate and an orthophosphate. Compare ADP. |
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Definition
| A set of three nucleotide bases at the loop end of RNA that forms base pairs with the codon of messenger RNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| The smallest partical of an element having the chemical properties of the element. |
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Definition
| Single-celled microorganisms which can exsit either as independent (free-living) organisms or as parasites (dependent upon another organism for life). |
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Definition
| The part of the earth's crust, waters, and atmostphere that supports life. |
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Definition
| Any of a group of organic compounds that includes sugars, cellulose, and gums, produce in green plants bu photosynthesis, and serves as a major energy source in the diet of animals and humans |
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Definition
| The smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning consisting of one or more nuclei, cytoplasm, and various organelles, all surrounded by a semipermeable cell membrane. |
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Definition
| The semipermeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell. Also called cytomembrane, plasmalemma, plasma membrane. |
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Definition
| The rigid outermost cell layer found in plants and certian algae, bacteria, and fungi but characteristically absent from animal cells. |
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Definition
| A triplet of adjacent nucleotides in the messenger RNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid in the synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The act or process of burning; rapid oxidation accompanied by heat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a gelatinious, semi-transparent fluid that fills most cells. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus that is kept in seperate from the cytoplasm by a membrane layer. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pyrimidine base that is one of the fundamental components of DNA and RNA, in which it forms a base pair with guanine (G) |
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Term
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Definition
| A pentose sugar, C5H10O4, obtained from DNA by hydrolysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| A nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication and synthesis of RNA. DNA consists of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or cyrtosine and guanine. The sequence of nucleotieds determines individual hereditary characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| The coiled structure of double-stranded DNA in which strands linked by hydrogen bonds from a spiral configuration. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance composed of atoms having an identical number of protons in each nucleus. Elements cannot be reduced to simpler substances by normal chemical means. |
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Term
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Definition
| A single-celled ot multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membranebound nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| A monosaccharide sugar, C6H12O6, occurring widely in most plant and animal tissue. It is the principal circulating sugar in the blood and the major energy source for humans and animals |
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Term
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Definition
| A purine base, C5H5N5O, that is a fundamental constituent of DNA and RNA, in which if forms base pairs with cytosine (C). |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom, especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom, usually of another molecule. |
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Definition
| The complex of physical and chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism which are necessary for the maintenance of life. In metabolism some substances are broken down to yeild energy for vital processes while other substances, necessary for life, are synthesized. |
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Definition
| A spherical or elongated organelle in the cytoplasm oh nearly all eukaryotic cells, containing genetic material and many enzymes important for the cell metabolism, including those responsible for the combustive transformation of food to use energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| The smallest particle into which an element or a compound can be divided without changing its chemical and physical properties; a group of like or different atoms held together by chemical forces. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any of the class compounds derived by the hydrolysis of nucleic acids or nucleotides, consisting typical of deoxyribose or ribose combined with adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, or thymine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any of vatrious compounds consisting of a nucleoside combined with a phosphate group and forming the basic constituefnt of DNA and RNA. A subunit of DNA or RNA. To form a DNA or RNA molecule, thousand of nucleotides are joined in a long chain. |
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Term
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Definition
| A large, membrane-bound, usually spherical protoplasmic structure within a living (eukarytoic) cell, containing most of the cell's hereditary material and controlling its metabolism, growth, and reproduction. |
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Definition
| A specialized structure within a cell, shuch as a mitochondrion, vacule, or chloroplast, that performs a specific funtion. |
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Definition
| The process in green plants and certain other organisms by which carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using light as an energy source. Most forms of photosynthesis release oxygen as a byproduct. |
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Definition
| An organism of the kinhdom Prokaryotae, constituting the bacteria and cyanobacteria, characterized by the absence of a nuclear membrane and by DNA that is not organized into chromosomes. Organisms that lack true nucleus, and that lack organelles bounded by a membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| A protein molecule on the surface or interior of a cell that is capable of complementary binding with substances such as hormones, antigens, drugs, or neurotransmitters. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pentose sugar, C5H10O5, obtained from RNA by hydrolysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Permeable (capleble of being permeated) only to certain small molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| A plymer of gluclose. Starch is a wite, tasteless, solid carbohydrate, (C6H10O5 )n, occurring in the form of minute granules in the seeds, tubers, and other parts of plants, and forming an important constituent of rice, corn, wheat, befans, potatoes, and many other vegetable foods. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any other plant or animal substance oh the same class or carbohydrates, as fructose or glucose. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pyrimidine base, C4H6N2O2, which is an essential constituent of DNA, in which it is paired with adenine (A) |
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Term
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Definition
| A pyrimidine base, C4H4N2O2,which is one of the fundamental components of RNA, in which ir forms base pairs with adenine (A) |
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