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Science 14 1-7
Chapter 1-7 of Science 14
89
Science
10th Grade
01/16/2012
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Term
WHMIS
Chapter 1
 Definition
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System; provides detailed information on first aid and the storage, handling, and disposal of any chemical found in the workplace.
Term
MSDS
Chapter 1
 Definition
Material Safety Data Sheet; provides detailed information about a chemical in the workplace, including physical and chemical properties, safe handling, first aid, and disposal procedures.
Term
HHPS
Chapter 1
 Definition
Hazardous Household Product Symbols; found on labels of household products that are reactive or dangerous, to alert users to potential hazards.
Term
Matter
Chapter 1
 Definition
anything that has mass and takes up space.
Term
Theory
Chapter 1
 Definition
an explanation of something that has been supported be repeated experimental results.
Term
Particle Matter of Theory
Chapter 1
 Definition
The explanation of the nature of matter that considers atoms to be like tiny particles and that describes their nature and behavior.
Term
States of Matter
Chapter 1
 Definition
The three common forms in which matter exists: solid, liquid, and gas.
Term
Solid
Chapter 1
 Definition
The state of matter in which particles are packed tightly together and cannot move very much.
Term
Liquid
Chapter 1
 Definition
The state of matter in which particles are touching, but can move past each other.
Term
Gas
Chapter 1
 Definition
The state of matter in which particles are far apart and moving quickly.
Term
Physical Property
Chapter 1
 Definition
A characteristic of a substance that can change without a new substance being formed.
Term
Chemical Property
Chapter 1
 Definition
The characteristic of a substance that describes how it will react with other substances.
Term
Pure Substance
Chapter 1
 Definition
Any substance made of only one type of particle.
Term
Mixture
Chapter 1
 Definition
Any substance made of more than one type of particle.
Term
Element
Chapter 2
 Definition
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances and contains only one kind of atom.
Term
Periodic Table
Chapter 2
 Definition
The chart on which all the elements are organized.
Term
Atom
Chapter 2
 Definition
The smallest unit of all matter.
Term
Group
Chapter 2
 Definition
Vertical columns in the periodic table containing elements with similar properties.
Term
Period
Chapter 2
 Definition
Horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table.
Term
Metal
Chapter 2
 Definition
Elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity, and that can be bent, stretched into a wire, and polished until shiny.
Term
Non-metal
Chapter 2
 Definition
Elements which are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Term
Metalloid
Chapter 2
 Definition
Elements that share some properties with metals and some with non-metals.
Term
Compound
Chapter 2
 Definition
Substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined.
Term
Mechanical Mixture
Chapter 3
 Definition
A mixture in which more than one type of particle is visible.
Term
Solution
Chapter 3
 Definition
A uniform mixture made of two or more substances.
Term
Solute
Chapter 3
 Definition
The substance that dissolves to form a solution.
Term
Solvent
Chapter 3
 Definition
The substance in which the solute dissolves to form a solution.
Term
Concentration
Chapter 3
 Definition
A ratio representing the amount of solute present in a solution.
Term
Solubility
Chapter 3
 Definition
A measure of how easily a solute will dissolve in a solvent to make a solution.
Term
Soluble
Chapter 3
 Definition
The common property of all substances that will dissolve.
Term
Insoluble
Chapter 3
 Definition
The common property of substances that will not dissolve.
Term
Crystallization
Chapter 3
 Definition
The separation process in which the solvent is evaporated, leaving crystals of solute behind.
Term
Distillation
Chapter 3
 Definition
The separation process in which the desired component is evaporated from the solution and collected.
Term
Concentrated
Chapter 4
 Definition
Any mixture that has a lot of solute per volume o solution.
Term
Dilute
Chapter 4
 Definition
Describes a mixture that has very little solute per volume of solution.
Term
Acid
Chapter 4
 Definition
A sour-tasting substance that turns blue litmus paper red and has a ph of less than 7.
Term
Base
Chapter 4
 Definition
A slippery, bitter-tasting substance that turns red litmus paper blue and has a ph over 7.
Term
Neutral
Chapter 4
 Definition
A substance with a ph of about 7 that has none o the properties of an acid or a base.
Term
Indicator
Chapter 4
 Definition
A substance that changes colour in the presence of an acid or base.
Term
Litmus paper
Chapter 4
 Definition
An indicator strip that has been treated with a weak solution of litmus.
Term
Ph
Chapter 4
 Definition
A number that tells you how acidic or basic a substance is.
Term
Ph scale
Chapter 4
 Definition
A scale from 0 to 14 that classifies how acidic or basic substances are.
Term
Neutralization
Chapter 4
 Definition
The chemical reaction that cancels out acidic and basic properties when an acid and a base combine.
Term
Corrosive
Chapter 4
 Definition
A property of substances with a high or low ph that wear away other substances they contact.
Term
Corrosion
Chapter 4
 Definition
The wearing away of materials by a chemical reaction.
Term
Acid Rain
Chapter 4
 Definition
Any precipitation that has a ph lower than 5.6.
Term
Friction
Chapter 5
 Definition
Resistance caused by two surfaces rubbing together.
Term
Robert Brown
Chapter 5
 Definition
The first person to notice that particles jiggle faster as they are heated.
Term
Brownian Motion
Chapter 5
 Definition
The jiggling motion of particles.
Term
Heat
Chapter 5
 Definition
The sum of kinetic energies of all particles in an object.
Term
Thermal Energy
Chapter 5
 Definition
The sum of kinetic energies of all particles in an object.

-also known as heat
Term
Kinetic Heat
Chapter 5
 Definition
A form of energy associated with motion.
Term
Temperature
Chapter 5
 Definition
The average kinetic energy of all particles in an object.
Term
Conduction
Chapter 5
 Definition
A method of heat transfer that requires contact.
Term
Convection
Chapter 5
 Definition
A method of heat transfer that involves currents.
Term
Radiation
Chapter 5
 Definition
A method of heat transfer that involves electromagnetic waves.
Term
Sea Breeze
Chapter 5
 Definition
The cool wind that blows from a cool ocean or lake toward the warmer land.
Term
Land Breeze
Chapter 5
 Definition
A mild wind that flows from the cool land out to the warmer sea.
Term
Moderate
Chapter 5
 Definition
The averaging of temperatures that is caused by large bodies of water that store large amounts of thermal energy.
Term
Heat Absorption
Chapter 6
 Definition
The rate at which a material absorbs heat.
Term
Specific Heat Capacity
Chapter 6
 Definition
The measure of a substance's ability to absorb or lose heat given in J/g* C
Term
Insulation
Chapter 6
 Definition
Any material that slows heat transfer.
Term
R-Value
Chapter 6
 Definition
A measure of how well insulation slows heat transfer-higher values mean less heat transfer.
Term
Vacuum Bottle
Chapter 6
 Definition
A container that slows all three methods of heat transfer.
Term
Equalibrium
Chapter 7
 Definition
balance
Term
Energy
Chapter 7
 Definition
The ability to do work.
Term
Thermal Energy
Chapter 7
 Definition
-also known as heat

The sum of kinetic energies of all particles in an object.
Term
Force
Chapter 7
 Definition
A push of pull; an influence that causes motion.
Term
Work
Chapter 7
 Definition
What is done when a force moves an object (w = f x d); the result of force x distance.
Term
Newton-Metre
Chapter 7
 Definition
The work done when one newton of force (1 N)is used for a distance of 1 m.
Term
Joule
Chapter 7
 Definition
The standard way of reporting work done; 1 J = 1 Nm.
Term
Simple Machines
Chapter 7
 Definition
Any tool or machine that involves only one movement.
Term
Inclined Plane
Chapter 7
 Definition
A simple machine that consists of a sloping surface such as a ramp, switchback, or screw.
Term
Fulcrum
Chapter 7
 Definition
The support point on which a lever pivots.
Term
Load
Chapter 7
 Definition
The object that is moved between the fulcrum and the load.
Term
Effort
Chapter 7
 Definition
The force required to move and object.
Term
Load Distance
Chapter 7
 Definition
The distance between the fulcrum and the load.
Term
Effort Distance
Chapter 7
 Definition
The distance between the fulcrum and the effort.
Term
First Class Lever
Chapter 7
 Definition
A lever in which the fulcrum is found between the load and the effort.
Term
Second Class Lever
Chapter 7
 Definition
A lever in which the load is found between the fulcrum and the effort.
Term
Third Class Lever
Chapter 7
 Definition
A lever in which the effort is found between the fulcrum and the load.
Term
Distance Multiplier
Chapter 7
 Definition
Any simple machine that moves a load through a large distance but requires only a short effort distance.
Term
Force Multiplier
Chapter 7
 Definition
Any simple machine that exerts a large force on the load but requires only a small effort.
Term
Pulley
Chapter 7
 Definition
A simple machine consisting of a grooved wheel on which a rope turns.
Term
Fixed Pulley
Chapter 7
 Definition
A pulley that does not move and does not change the effort required.
Term
Moveable Pulley
Chapter 7
 Definition
A pulley that moves with the load and reduces the effort required.
Term
Wheel and Axle
Chapter 7
 Definition
A simple machine that consists of a wheel turning a smaller rod.
Term
Efficiency
Chapter 7
 Definition
A comparison of the work the machine does with the energy it uses to do that work, usually given as a percentage.
Term
Kilowatt Hour
Chapter 7
 Definition
The amount of electricity used when 1000 W of power is used for 1 h.
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