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| any genetic trait that improves an organism's chance of surviving and reproducing |
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| radiation occurs when species adapt differently to changes in the environment, and become specialized in order to exploit smaller parts of the ecological niche |
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| the variety of, and the variation among, organisms within a given ecosystem, biome, or the entire Earth |
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| a large ecosystem with a specific range of abiotic and biotic factors such as temperature, precipitation, and characteristic organisms (including plants and animals) |
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| the biome characterized by acidic soils, dry winters, moderate precipitation, and the growth of conifers; stretches across the northern parts of North America, Asia, and Europe; also known as taiga |
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| the upper layer of vegetation in a forest; often creates a dense layer, or cover, that prevents most sunlight from reaching the forest floor |
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| the long-term pattern of temperature and precipitation |
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| a graph showing the monthly changes in temperature and precipitation throughout a year |
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| community a complex, stable ecosystem reached during late successional stages |
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| a type of interaction involving the adaptation of two species in response to each other |
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