Term
|
Definition
--New properties are observed --Change is reversable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
--New substances are formed --Change is irriversable |
|
|
Term
Evidence of a Chemical Change |
|
Definition
--Cooling/heating --Reactants are consumed --Change in color --Gas formed --Precipitate formed (CHewing RoCks is Gross, People!) |
|
|
Term
Physical Properties mnemonic |
|
Definition
Hear Master Daniel Maximoff Bellow Cry Scream. Very Difficult. Can Another? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hardness, Malleability, Ductility, Melting, Boiling, Crystal shape, Solubility, Viscosity, Density, Conductivity, Appearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
combinations of more than one substance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- alloy, solution, colloid, suspension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
homogeneous and heterogeneous |
|
|
Term
Define: homogeneous & heterogeneous |
|
Definition
Homogenous: a mixture with one visible phase (ex: alloy & solution) Heterogeneous: a mixture with more than one visible phase (ex: colloid & suspension) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
homogeneous mixture including at least one fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a homogeneous mixture of solid metals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heterogeneous mixture that seperates by gravity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heterogenous mixture that does not seperate by gravity |
|
|
Term
Particle Theory of Matter (6 parts) |
|
Definition
(1) particles are always moving except at absolute zero (-273 degrees) (2) particles attract each other up to a certain distance and then repel each other (3) particles at a higher temperature are moving faster than particles at a lower temp. (4) particles can rotate, translate and vibrate (5) everything is made up of particles (6) each pure substance has its own type of particle that is different than the particles of other pure substances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define: condensation point |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define: sublimation point |
|
Definition
solid to gas or gas to solid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
--new substances are formed --change is not reversible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
--new properties are observed --change is reversible |
|
|
Term
Evidence of chemical changes (not nessecarily in order; not all have to happen) (5) |
|
Definition
heat is absorbed or produced; reactants are consumed; change in color; gas formed; precipitate formed |
|
|
Term
List of chemical properties (3) |
|
Definition
(1) combustibility (2) reactivity (3) toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
always homogeneous; contains only one type of material; all properties uniform |
|
|
Term
Law of definite proportions |
|
Definition
Compounds are pure substances that contain two or more elements chemically combined together in fixed proportions (ex: H^2O always has 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom) |
|
|
Term
Dalton's atomic theory (5) |
|
Definition
(1) all matter is made of small particles called atoms (2) an atom cannot be created, destroyed, or divided (3) each atom for each element is identical in mass and size but different in mass and size from atoms of other elements (4) compounds are created when atoms of different elements link together in definite proportions (5) the atomic mass of hydrogen is defined as one |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- a solid formed from two fluids |
|
|
Term
Why can't you see the particles in a solid move? |
|
Definition
Particles usually translate, rotate, and vibrate, but in a solid they do not translate. They just move slightly in place. |
|
|
Term
Evidence of a chemical change (5): |
|
Definition
--heat is absorbed or produced --reactants are consumed --change in color --gas formed --precipitate formed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
effect on living organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ability to be involved in a chemical reaction with other substances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the ability to burst into flames |
|
|
Term
Why does a candle need a wick to burn? |
|
Definition
Because the flame needs something to support it, even though the actual fuel for the fire is the gas from the wax. |
|
|
Term
How would you tell if something is pure (metal) or not? |
|
Definition
First you measure the density (mass over volume) of the pure metal, then you measure the density of the object, and see if they are the same. |
|
|
Term
How can you figure out the volume of an irregularly shaped object? |
|
Definition
You put the object in water and figure out how much it displaces. This figure is the volume. |
|
|
Term
What was the original elemental theory? |
|
Definition
Everything in the world was composed of mixtures of 4 elements: earth, wind, fire, and water. For example, alcohol is a liquid that burns, therefore it would be both fire and water. |
|
|
Term
What scientific law did Lavoisier state? |
|
Definition
The law of definite proportions |
|
|
Term
What did Francis Bacon contribute to the scientific world? |
|
Definition
proposed the original scientific method (or the lab report) which helped scientists share their information with other scientists |
|
|
Term
What contributions did Robert Boyle give to the scientific world? |
|
Definition
Rejected four elements theory; proposed that pure substances can come together to form compounds |
|
|
Term
What did Antoine Lavoisier demostrate? |
|
Definition
That pure substances could not be decomposed physically |
|
|
Term
What did Humphrey Davy do? |
|
Definition
he was a chemist who isolated (discovered and stated that they were an individual element) a few elements including sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, stronium, and barium |
|
|
Term
What did Jons Jacob Berzelius do? |
|
Definition
He proposed a system for naming all the elements (giving them symbols), and the symbols would be the same everywhere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a pure substance that contains only one type of atom and cannot be broken down (chemically or physically) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A pure substance that contains more than one type of atom (is a combination of different elements) and can be broken down chemically but not physically |
|
|
Term
What did Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev do? |
|
Definition
He proposed a system that would organize the elements so we could understand how they were classified in every way |
|
|
Term
Definition: Periodic Table |
|
Definition
A chart thst organized the elements according to their atomic number |
|
|
Term
Definition: Chemical formulae |
|
Definition
A formula for compunds involving letters and numbers (ex: H^2O) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The smallest unit of an element or compound, a cluster of 2 or more atoms |
|
|
Term
Definition: molecular elements |
|
Definition
the smallest unit of an element, or a cluster of atoms containing only one type of atom |
|
|
Term
Definition: molecular compound |
|
Definition
The smallest unit of a compound, or a cluster of atoms with more than one type of atom (ex: H^2O) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a vertical row of elements in the periodic table |
|
|
Term
What were the contributions of Antoine Lavoisier to the scientific community? |
|
Definition
demonstreated that pure substances can't be decomposed by physical means |
|
|
Term
What were the contributions of Antoine Lavoisier to the scientific community? |
|
Definition
demonstreated that pure substances can't be decomposed by physical means |
|
|
Term
What were the contributions of Humphrey Davy to the scientific world? |
|
Definition
isolated K, Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba |
|
|
Term
What were the contributions of Dmitri Ivanocich Mendeleev to the scientific world? |
|
Definition
examined all known elements and arranged them based on common properties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elements arranged by atomic number |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
row in the periodic table |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
column in the periodic table |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
substance containing one type of atom. Has distinct properties and cannot be broken down by chemical on physical means |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
substance made up of a combination of two or more diffrent elements; can be broken down chemically but not physically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the smallest, independent unit of a pure substance, is generally a cluster of atoms bound together. |
|
|
Term
Define: molecular elements |
|
Definition
molecules that contain only one type of element |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nearly not-reactive gases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gases, liquids, and solids, very reactive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soft, hightly reactive metals |
|
|
Term
Define: alkaline earth metals |
|
Definition
less reactive thatn alkali metals |
|
|
Term
What is the formula for density? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the experiments of Rutherford |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the experiments of Heinrich Geissler |
|
Definition
invented the gas discharge tube |
|
|
Term
Describe the experiments of William Crooks |
|
Definition
Discovered streams of negatively charged particles leaving a chathode and traveling towards an anode |
|
|
Term
Describe the experiments of Goldstein |
|
Definition
detected positive particles (protons) traveling from the anode of a hydrogen tube |
|
|
Term
Describe the experiments of J.J. Thomson |
|
Definition
Discoved that the stream of negatively charged paticles were attracted to a negatively charged plate; theorized the presence of positively charged particles; proposed the muffin model of the atom |
|
|