Term
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Definition
-1964
-two incidents, one disputed, involving North Vietnam and the United States in the waters of the Gulf of Tonkin
-The outcome of these two incidents was the passage by Congress of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which granted President Lyndon B. Johnson the authority to assist any Southeast Asian country whose government was considered to be jeopardized by "communist aggression". |
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Term
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Definition
-1964
-a highly-classified U.S. program of covert actions against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV or North Vietnam), consisting of agent team insertions, aerial reconnaissance missions and naval sabotage operations. Though begun in 1961 by the Central Intelligence Agency, in 1964 the program was transferred to the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam Studies and Observations Group (SOG) during Operation Parasol/Switchback |
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Term
| USS Maddox and Turner Joy |
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Definition
| - the destroyers, while performing a DESOTO patrol, was engaged by three North Vietnamese Navy torpedo boats of the 135th Torpedo Squadron |
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Term
| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution |
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Definition
-1964
-The Tonkin Gulf Resolution is of historical significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of conventional military force in Southeast Asia. Specifically, the resolution authorized the President to do whatever necessary in order to assist "any member or protocol state of the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty." |
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Term
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Definition
-Johnson def. Goldwater
-Incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson had come to office less than a year earlier following the assassination of his predecessor, John F. Kennedy. Johnson, who had successfully associated himself with Kennedy's popularity, won 61.1% of the popular vote, the highest won by a candidate since 1820. It was the sixth-most lopsided presidential election in the history of the United States |
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Term
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Definition
-1909-1998
-a five-term United States Senator from Arizona (1953–1965, 1969–1987) and the Republican Party's nominee for President in the 1964 election. An articulate and charismatic figure in the 1960–64 era, he was known as "Mr. Conservative". |
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Term
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Definition
-1964
- a controversial campaign television advertisement.
-a factor in President Lyndon B. Johnson's landslide victory over Barry Goldwater in the 1964 presidential election and an important turning point in political and advertising history |
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Term
| Operation Rolling Thunder |
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Definition
-1965-68
-a gradual and sustained aerial bombardment campaign conducted against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam)
-The four objectives of the operation (which evolved over time) were to boost the sagging morale of the Saigon regime in the Republic of Vietnam, to persuade North Vietnam to cease its support for the communist insurgency in South Vietnam without actually taking any ground forces into communist North Vietnam, to destroy North Vietnam's transportation system, industrial base, and air defenses, and to interdict the flow of men and material into South Vietnam. |
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Term
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Definition
| -a set of domestic programs proposed or enacted in the United States on the initiative of President Lyndon B. Johnson. Two main goals of the Great Society social reforms were the elimination of poverty and racial injustice. New major spending programs that addressed education, medical care, urban problems, and transportation were launched during this period. The Great Society in scope and sweep resembled the New Deal domestic agenda of Franklin D. Roosevelt, but differed sharply in types of programs enacted. |
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Term
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Definition
| The gradual escalation of troops and combat machinery into Vietnam. Beginning with only combat advisers in 1950, the US involvement in Vietnam eventually reached over 500,000 combat troops stationed in Vietnam in 1969. It was considered the best way to win the war by gradually adding troops/pressure to the cause in order to convince the enemy that the US would continue to escalate things until victory was achieved. |
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Term
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Definition
| Viet Cong attack on the Plei Ku airfield (aka Camp Holloway) on February 6th, 1965, left 9 American dead, over 120 wounded. In response to the attack, US launched Operation Flaming Dart, which further escalated the war. Incident was used as justification by LBJ for additional ground troops to protect military installations in South Vietnam. |
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Term
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Definition
LBJ's Johns Hopkins speech detailed his rationale for the U.S. presence in Vietnam and defined the primary objective as South Vietnamese independence.
-u.s. oblijation as world leader |
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Term
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Definition
-1916-2009
an American business executive and the eighth Secretary of Defense, serving under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson from 1961 to 1968, during which time he played a large role in escalating the United States involvement in the Vietnam War |
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Term
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Definition
-– Under Secretary of State under JFK and LBJ, he was strongly opposed to escalation in Vietnam. Ball predicted that if military operations increased in Indochina, the United States would one day need to send 300,000 soldiers to the region. He was also skeptical of a white ground force’s ability to defeat the indigenous population in the jungle.
-A losing war, racial issue, fears of a wider war
He was the [[Under Secretary for Economic Affairs|[Under Secretary of State for Economic and Agricultural Affairs] in the administrations of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. He is well known for his opposition to escalation in the Vietnam War. "When George Ball, another dissenter in his entourage, conservatively predicted that Vietnam might one day demand as many as 300,000 troops, JFK laughed and replied, 'Well, George, you're supposed one of the smartest guys in town, but you're crazier than hell. That will never happen.'"[2] |
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Term
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Definition
-1965
- the first major battle between the United States Army and the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN
-Subject of the film “We Were Soldiers”. First major confrontation between North Vietnamese troops and American soldiers from November 14-18, 1965. Heavy fighting, heavy casualties for both sides. Both US and NVA claimed victory. |
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Term
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Definition
-1968
-Johnson announces bombing halt in hopes of negotiating in peace talks to end to war with the North.
- In closing, Johnson shocked the nation with an announcement that all but conceded that his own presidency had become another wartime casualty: "I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your president." |
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Term
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Definition
| a military strategy that became a notorious component of the Vietnam War. The idea was to insert ground forces into hostile territory, search out the enemy, destroy them, and withdraw immediately afterward. The strategy was the result of a new technology, the helicopter, which resulted in a new form of warfare, the fielding of air cavalry, and was thought to be ideally suited to counter-guerrilla jungle warfare. |
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Term
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Definition
the U.S. army used body counts to show that the U.S. was winning the war. The Army's theory was that eventually, the Vietcong and North Vietnamese Army would lose due to attrition.
-. The US tended to pad the statistics for the Viet Cong/NVA dead or wounded to keep morale up in Vietnam and at home, so that it looked liked the war was successful. |
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Term
| Revolutionary Development Program |
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Definition
-– a program created by Johnson and Robert Komer to pacify the people of South Vietnam. It was a three step program that involved:
1. Safety for the people of rural South Vietnam from Viet Cong
2. Destroy Viet Cong infrastructure within villages, and win over sympathy from South Vietnamese towards the American cause.
3. Implement the above two steps on a large scale across the entire country.
Eventually did not have success, though it was not the programs fault. Insurgent numbers were down, and they could not get support from the rural population. However the low popularity of the South Vietnamese government was to blame for the long-term failure of the program. |
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Term
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Definition
| -the land-based military forces of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), which existed from October 26, 1955 until the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975. The ARVN is often erroneously used as a collective term to refer to all South Vietnamese military forces, including the Vietnam Air Force and Republic of Vietnam Navy.[1] |
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Term
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Definition
-• 1966-1971
• Called by Senator Fulbright to investigate whether President Johnson was misusing the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
• Nationally televised
• Thought Johnson had fallen into the arrogance of power – over extension of power which had brought the downfall of Athens, Napoleon, and Hitler |
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Term
| George Kennan's critique of the war |
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Definition
-Mr. Containment
• Critiques war through realism. Does not believe that Vietnam is in the United States’ national interest. Believed victory was not possible and the Domino Theory’s prediction that communism would race across SE Asia if we did not intervene in Vietnam was wrong. The US was misplacing it’s priorities – relationship with Soviet Union more important than anything else |
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Term
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Definition
used mainly in the United Kingdom and United States in reference to activists, educators, agitators and others in the 1960s and 1970s who sought to implement a broad range of reforms, in contrast to earlier leftist or Marxist movements that had taken a more vanguardist approach to social justice and focused mostly on labor unionization and questions of social class.[2]
In the U.S., the "New Left" was associated with the Hippie movement and college campus protest movements. The British "New Left" sought to correct the perceived errors of "Old Left" parties in the post-World War II period. |
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Term
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Definition
| -terms applied to people based upon their views about a military conflict. A dove is someone who opposes the use of military pressure to resolve a dispute; a hawk favors entry into war. |
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Term
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Definition
| it was most frequently used to describe public skepticism about the Johnson administration's statements and policies on the Vietnam War. |
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Term
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Definition
1968
Battle of Khe Sanh was the longest, deadliest and most controversial of the Vietnam War, pitting the U.S. Marines and their allies against the North Vietnamese Army. Both sides have published official histories of the battle, and while these histories agree the fighting took place at Khe Sanh, they disagree on virtually every other aspect of it.
-• January 1968 – Vietnamese have US marine base surrounded
• US does not want it to be their Dien Binh Phu, sends an overwhelming amount of support to keep the base alive – succeeds
• It could have been a distraction to keep the US from noticing the buildup to the Tet Offensive |
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Term
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Definition
1968
Battle of Khe Sanh was the longest, deadliest and most controversial of the Vietnam War, pitting the U.S. Marines and their allies against the North Vietnamese Army. Both sides have published official histories of the battle, and while these histories agree the fighting took place at Khe Sanh, they disagree on virtually every other aspect of it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dow was one of several manufacturers who began producing the compound under government contract in 1965. After experiencing protests and negative publicity, the other suppliers decided to discontinue the product, leaving Dow as the sole provider. The company carefully considered their position, and decided that this was a matter of principle, and "its first obligation was the government" |
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Term
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Definition
-was an American radical left organization.-
-Their goal was to create a clandestine revolutionary party for the violent overthrow of the US government.[3] |
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Term
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Definition
| a political organizer, mathematics instructor, and anti-war activist, most well known for his involvement with the Weather Underground. Rudd became a member of the Columbia University chapter of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) in 1963 |
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Term
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Definition
| 1969 he co-founded the Weather Underground, a self-described communist revolutionary group[2] that conducted a campaign of bombing public buildings during the 1960s and 1970s, in response to U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War |
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Term
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Definition
| -The tactic of the Weather Underground. By bringing the terror of the Vietnam War to the streets of the U.S., The U.S. government would be coerced to end the war in vietnam. |
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Term
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Definition
| a series of direct actions taken over a course of three days in October 1969 in Chicago organized by the Weatherman faction of the Students for a Democratic Society |
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Term
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Definition
| (an acronym for Counter Intelligence Program) was a series of covert, and often illegal, projects conducted by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) aimed at surveilling, infiltrating, discrediting, and disrupting domestic political organizations. |
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Term
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Definition
| In 1965, he opened the CBS News bureau in Saigon. That year he followed a group of United States Marines to the village of Cam Ne, for what was described as a "search and destroy" mission. When the Marines arrived, they gave orders in English to the inhabitants—by all accounts harmless civilians—to evacuate the village. When the homes were cleared, the Marines burned their thatched roofs with flamethrowers and Zippo lighters. Safer's report on this event was broadcast on CBS News on August 5, 1965 and was among the first reports to paint a bleak picture of the Vietnam War. |
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Term
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Definition
1965
the village near Saigon were Morley Safer reported on the burning of huts by U.S. Marines. Negative picture of war. |
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Term
| "Why Vietnam" Documentary |
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Definition
| This documentary was produced by the Department of Defense, circa fall of 1965, in order to rally American support for the newly growing build-up of U.S. ground combat troops in Vietnam. It is thirty minutes long and in black and white, but frame by frame pulls a punch |
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Term
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Definition
| -an initiative by United States President Lyndon Johnson to get US allies in Asia and the Pacific to participate in the Vietnam War in support of South Vietnam. While it served a military purpose, the program was also a propaganda effort by Johnson to enlist Free World forces in the Cold War against communism. The US supported the Allied forces through direct monetary aid, military contracts, logistic aid, and various forms of economic compensation. |
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Term
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Definition
1916-2005
In the 1968 presidential election, McCarthy was the first candidate to challenge incumbent Lyndon B. Johnson for the Democratic nomination for president of the United States, running on an anti-Vietnam War platform. The unexpected vote total he achieved in the New Hampshire primary led Johnson to withdraw from the race, and lured Robert F. Kennedy into the contest. |
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Term
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Definition
1967, in San Antonio, Texas, President Lyndon B. Johnson delivered a speech in which he offered to cease the bombing of North Vietnam if Ho Chi Minh would agree to begin serious negotiations for a peaceful settlement of the conflict, and if he would promise not to use the bombing halt as an opportunity to increase their infiltration of troops and supplies into South Vietnam.
-Hanoi never responded positively to the offer, even though Johnson restated it on March 31, 1968, after the Tet Offensive and his own decision not to seek reelection. |
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Term
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Definition
1968
-a military campaign during the Vietnam War that began on January 31, 1968. Regular and irregular forces of the People's Army of Vietnam fought against the forces of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), the United States, and their allies. The purpose of the offensive was to strike military and civilian command and control centers throughout South Vietnam and to spark a general uprising among the population that would then topple the Saigon government, thus ending the war in a single blow.[8] |
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Term
| Seizure of the U.S.S. Pueblo |
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Definition
-1968
-A US ship which was boarded and captured by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) on January 23, 1968, in what is known as the Pueblo incident or alternatively as the Pueblo crisis or the Pueblo affair. Occurring less than a week after President Lyndon B. Johnson's State of the Union Address and only weeks before the Tet Offensive, it was a major incident in the Cold War.
North Korea stated that it strayed into their territorial waters, but the United States maintains that the vessel was in international waters at the time of the incident. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -in reference to the U.S. victory in the Tet offensive. U.S. and south vietnam won, but suffered great casualties and worsening domestic opinion. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Quote from a speech by Robert Kennedy describing the state of the war in Vietnam. After Tet, the media was relaying images of chaos and defeat. Westmoreland requested an increase of 206,000 troops, causing a public uproar. |
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Term
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Definition
-1916-2009
-an American broadcast journalist, best known as anchorman for the CBS Evening News for 19 years (1962–81).
-After very pessimistic report of status of vietnam, Following Cronkite's editorial report, President Lyndon Johnson is reported to have said, "If I've lost Cronkite, I've lost Middle America." |
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Term
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Definition
a group of government officials and members of the East Coast foreign policy establishment who, beginning in the 1940s, developed the containment policy of dealing with the Communist bloc and crafted institutions and initiatives such as NATO, the World Bank, and the Marshall Plan. They came to personify an ideal of statesmanship that was marked by non-partisanship, pragmatic internationalism, and aversion to ideological fervor.
-group of respected advisors that Johnson met with once before and once after the Tet Offensive. Included Dead Acheson, George Ball, Omar Bradley, McGeorge Bundy, Clark Clifford, and a few others. The second meeting, they expressed to Johnson the need to deescalate the situation in Vietnam. |
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Term
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Definition
-1925-1968
- Younger brother of JFK and Democratic Senator from New York. Despite initially supporting the war, he eventually changed views from Johnson, wanting to halt escalation in Vietnam. He was very popular amongst minorities and the poor. Was a prominent candidate in the Democratic primary for the 1968 presidency until he was assassinated in Los Angeles. |
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Term
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Definition
-U.S. secretary of defense of Johnson
ordered a full scale review – influenced by civilian strategists in the Pentagon – pushed for a change in strategy, de-escalation, getting Saigon to do more |
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Term
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Definition
-1968
the mass murder of 347–504 unarmed citizens in South Vietnam on March 16, 1968, conducted by a unit of the United States Army. All of the victims were civilians and most were women, children (including babies), and elderly people. Many of the victims were raped, beaten, tortured, and some of the bodies were found mutilated.[2] |
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Term
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Definition
loosely translated as "Open Arms"[1]) was an initiative by the South Vietnamese to encourage politicsdefection by the Viet Cong and their supporters to the side of the Government during the Vietnam War.
-Defection was urged by means of a propaganda campaign, usually leaflets delivered by artillery shell or dropped over enemy-controlled areas by aircraft, or messages broadcast over areas of South Vietnam,[1] and a number of incentives were offered to those who chose to cooperate, along with psychological warfare to break enemy morale. |
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Term
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Definition
a counterinsurgency program designed, coordinated, and executed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), United States special operations forces, and the Republic of Vietnam's (South Vietnam) security apparatus during the Vietnam War.
The Program was designed to identify and "neutralize" (via infiltration, capture, terrorism, or assassination) the civilian infrastructure supporting the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (NLF or Viet Cong) insurgency
-Despite some criticism, it was relatively successful in neutralizing much of the NLF presence in many important areas. |
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Term
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Definition
| – In 1968, a possible peace deal arose before the election, but Nixon, fearing that it would affect his ability get elected, sabotaged the peace negotiations by ensuring the South Vietnamese that a Republican administration would get them a better deal. It worked; Nixon was elected. In 1972, twelve days before the Election, the Nixon administration announced that Henry Kissinger had reached a peace agreement with Le Duc Tho. Although it was believed that Nixon already had enough support to win the nomination, the news that the end of the war was imminent helped lead Nixon’s landslide victory over staunch antiwar candidate George McGovern. |
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Term
| 1968 Presidential Election |
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Definition
| a wrenching national experience, conducted against a backdrop that included the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. and subsequent race riots across the nation, the assassination of presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy, widespread demonstrations against the Vietnam War across American university and college campuses, and violent confrontations between police and anti-war protesters at the 1968 Democratic National Convention. |
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Term
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Definition
b. 1952
-vietnamese novelist who wrote The Sorrow of War.
-During the Vietnam War, he served with the Glorious 27th Youth Brigade. Of the five hundred who went to war with the brigade in 1969, he is one of ten who survived. |
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Term
| (Bao Ninh and) the Duty of Writing |
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Definition
| -– Bao Ninh (and the main character of his novel, Kien) feels that by writing about his experiences in war, he is fulfilling his final duty as a soldier. He felt that he owed it to those who died during the war to expose the realities of wartime life. |
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Term
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Definition
-politics or diplomacy based primarily on power and on practical and material factors and considerations, rather than ideological notions or moralistic or ethical premises.
-Policy of Henry Kissanger was this. |
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Term
| “Peace with honor” / “honorable end to the war” |
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Definition
-
In the 1968 presidential campaign, Richard Nixon promised to achieve "an honorable end to the war" and to prevent a communist takeover of South Vietnam. Five years later, peace negotiators from the United States, South Vietnam, and North Vietnam signed the Paris Peace Accords. The next day President Nixon said the accords would bring "peace with honor." |
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Term
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Definition
b. 1923
-He served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. After his term, his opinion was still sought by many following presidents and many world leaders. |
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Term
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Definition
| - 1969 by U.S. President Richard Nixon. He stated that the United States henceforth expected its allies to take care of their own military defense, but that the U.S. would aid in defense as requested. The Doctrine argued for the pursuit of peace through a partnership with American allies. |
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Term
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Definition
| a policy pursued by the United States of America, championed by Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger, during the 1970s period of Cold War Détente which aimed to persuade the Soviet Union and Communist China to co-operate in restraining revolutions in the Third World in return for concessions in nuclear and economic fields. |
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Term
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Definition
| a primary characteristic of the foreign policy conducted by U.S. President Richard Nixon. His administration, the executive branch of the federal government of the United States from 1969 to 1974, attempted to make the leaders of other countries think Nixon was mad, and that his behavior was irrational and volatile. Fearing an unpredictable American response, leaders of hostile Communist Bloc nations would avoid provoking the United States. |
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Term
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Definition
| The plan was to encourage the South Vietnamese to take more responsibility for fighting the war. It was hoped that this policy would eventually enable the United States to withdraw gradually all their soldiers from Vietnam. |
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Term
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Definition
b. 1922
- Richard Nixon's Secretary of Defense from 1969 to 1973. Laird urged Nixon to maintain a policy of withdrawing US soldiers from Vietnam. He invented the expression "Vietnamization", referring to the process of transferring more responsibility for combat to the South Vietnamese forces. |
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Term
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Definition
| -he White House code-name of an operation President Richard Nixon had threatened to unleash against North Vietnam during the Vietnam War, if North Vietnam did not yield to Washington's terms at the Paris peace negotiations. Duck Hook called for the possibly-nuclear bombing of military and economic targets in and around Hanoi, the mining of Haiphong and other ports, air strikes against North Vietnam's northeast line of communications as well as passes and bridges at the Chinese border, and air and ground attacks on other targets throughout Vietnam. |
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Term
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Definition
| -a large demonstration against the United States involvement in the Vietnam War that took place across the United States on October 15, 1969.[1] The Moratorium developed from Jerome Grossman's April 20 1969 call for a general strike if the war had not concluded by October. |
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Term
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Definition
| U.S. President Richard Nixon in a November 3, 1969, speech in which he said, "And so tonight—to you, the great silent majority of my fellow Americans—I ask for your support."[2] In this usage it referred to those Americans who did not join in the large demonstrations against the Vietnam War at the time, who did not join in the counterculture, and who did not participate in public discourse. Nixon along with many others saw this group of Middle Americans as being overshadowed in the media by the more vocal minority. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1969, the Selective Service System of the United States held a lottery to determine the order of draft (induction) into the Army for the Vietnam War. This was during a period of conscription in the United States controlled by the President, which lasted from just before World War II to 1973. |
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Term
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Definition
| -1922) was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his semi-retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favor of his son |
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Term
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Definition
1913-1985
a Cambodian politician and general who served as Prime Minister of Cambodia twice, as well as serving repeatedly as Defense Minister. He led a military coup against Prince Norodom Sihanouk and became self-proclaimed President of the newly-created Khmer Republic.
-exiled by khmer rouge |
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Term
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Definition
-the name given to the followers of the Communist Party of Kampuchea, who were the ruling party in Cambodia from 1975 to 1979,
-This organization is remembered primarily for its policy of social engineering, which resulted in genocide.[ |
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Term
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Definition
-the shooting of unarmed college students by members of the Ohio National Guard on Monday, May 4, 1970.
-Some of the students who were shot had been protesting against the American invasion of Cambodia, which President Richard Nixon announced in a television address on April 30. Other students who were shot had been walking nearby or observing the protest from a distance |
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Term
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Definition
The proposal of the amendment was the first time that Congress had restricted the deployment of troops during a war against the wishes of the president.[1]
The amendment sought to:
End funding to retain U.S. ground troops and military advisors in Cambodia and Laos after 30 June 1970
Bar air operations in Cambodian airspace in direct support of Cambodian forces without congressional approval
End American support for Republic of Vietnam forces outside territorial South Vietnam. |
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Term
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Definition
| a limited-objective offensive campaign conducted in southeastern portion of the Kingdom of Laos by the armed forces of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) between 8 February and 25 March 1971, during the Vietnam War. The United States provided logistical, aerial, and artillery support to the operation, but its ground forces were prohibited by law from entering Laotian territory. The objective of the campaign was the disruption of a possible future offensive by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), whose logistical system within Laos was known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail (the Truong Son Road to North Vietnam). |
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Term
| Vietnam Veterans against the war |
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Definition
-1971-March on Washington-John Kerry
created to oppose the Vietnam War. VVAW describes itself as a national veterans' organization that campaigns for peace, justice, and the rights of all United States military veterans. |
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Term
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Definition
-William Calley was the only person charged for My Lai
-Calley was charged on September 5, 1969, with six specifications of premeditated murder for the deaths of 104 Vietnamese civilians near the village of My Lai, at a hamlet called Son My, more commonly called My Lai in the U.S. press. |
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Term
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Definition
| - a top-secret United States Department of Defense history of the United States' political-military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. The papers were first brought to the attention of the public on the front page of the New York Times in 1971. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1931) is a former United States military analyst who, while employed by the RAND Corporation, precipitated a national political controversy in 1971 when he released the Pentagon Papers, a top-secret Pentagon study of U.S. government decision-making in relation to the Vietnam War, to The New York Times and other newspapers. |
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Term
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Definition
| the exchange of ping pong players between the United States and People's Republic of China (PRC) in the 1970s. The event marked a thaw in U.S.–China relations that paved the way to a visit to Beijing by President Richard Nixon. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -Nixon and Kissinger believed that international peace could be achieved by using the United States as a power broker in conflicts between the two Communist giants. Triangular diplomacy between the three nations would balance international power and secure world peace. |
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Term
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Definition
-1972
-a military campaign conducted by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) against the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN, the regular army of South Vietnam) and the United States military between 30 March and 22 October 1972, during the Vietnam War.[8] This conventional invasion (the largest offensive operation since 300,000 Chinese volunteers had crossed the Yalu River into North Korea during the Korean War) was a radical departure from previous North Vietnamese offensives. |
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Term
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Definition
| -American personality who sympathized with the NVA and toured NVA military copacities in nothern vietnam during the war. |
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Term
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Definition
-book by frank snepp
-Widely regarded as a classic on the Vietnam War, Decent Interval provides a scathing critique of the CIA’s role in and final departure from that conflict. Still the most detailed and respected account of America’s final days in Vietnam, the book was written at great risk and ultimately at great sacrifice by an author who had believed in the CIA’s cause but was disillusioned by the agency’s treacherous withdrawal, leaving thousands of Vietnamese allies to the mercy of an angry enemy.
- debate over whether Nixon’s “plan” sought only a “decent interval” or whether “Vietnamization” envisioned long-term survival of an independent South Vietnam, remains unresolved |
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Term
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Definition
-b.1922
- McGovern lost the 1972 presidential election in a landslide to Richard Nixon. As a decorated World War II combat veteran, McGovern was known for his opposition to the Vietnam War.
-In a speech on the Senate floor in September 1963, McGovern became the first member to challenge the growing U.S. military involvement in Vietnam |
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Term
| “Come Home, America” Campaign |
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Definition
-George McGoverns campaign position to remove the U.S. from Vietnam if he is elected.
-• A symbol of McGovern’s failed candidacy - he gave a speech titled Come Home, America at the DNC at 3 AM and it is estimated that it reached less than 1 million Americans |
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Term
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Definition
| The Democratic Party's nomination was eventually won by Senator George McGovern, who ran an anti-war campaign against incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon, |
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Term
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Definition
-1972
a US Seventh Air Force and US Navy Task Force 77 aerial bombing campaign, conducted against targets in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) during the final period of US involvement in the Vietnam War |
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Term
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-x1973, intended to establish peace in Vietnam and an end to the Vietnam War, ended direct U.S. military involvement and temporarily stopped the fighting between north and south. The governments of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), and the United States, as well as the Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG) that represented indigenous South Vietnamese revolutionaries signed the Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam on January 27, 1973.
-1.) North Vietnamese troops allowed to remain in the South
2.) US troops withdrawn
3.) US POWs returned
4.) Thieu remains in power |
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| -a political scandal during the 1970s in the United States resulting from the break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C. Effects of the scandal ultimately led to the resignation of the President of the United States, Richard Nixon, on August 9, 1974, the first and only resignation of any U.S. President |
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-a U.S. federal law intended to restrict the power of the President to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of Congress.
-During the Korean and Vietnam wars, the United States found itself involved for many years in situations of intense conflict without a declaration of war. Many members of Congress became concerned with the erosion of congressional authority to decide when the United States should become involved in a war or the use of armed forces that might lead to war. |
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-1923-2001
-a general in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) who went on to become the President of South Vietnam (1965–75), first as the head of a military junta and then after winning a fraudulent election. He established an authoritarian rule over South Vietnam until he resigned and left the nation a few days before the fall of Saigon and the ultimate communist victory. |
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-1930)
served as the Chief of the Vietnam Air Force in the 1960s, before leading the nation as the Prime Minister of South Vietnam in a military junta from 1965 to 1967. He then served as Vice President to bitter rival, General Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, until his retirement from politics in 1971 in a nominally civilian administration. |
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-1911-1990
- a Vietnamese revolutionary, general, diplomat, and politician, who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize jointly with United States Secretary of State Henry Kissinger in 1973, although he declined it.
In 1930, Lê Đức Thọ helped found the Indochinese Communist Party. |
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-1907-1986
-a Vietnamese communist leader. He became North Vietnam's acting party chief in late 1956. By 1958, he was the country's top policy maker, although nominally number two behind figurehead Hồ Chí Minh. He officially became the top leader when Hồ died in 1969. He led a unified Vietnam from 1975 until his death in 1986. He was a driving force during the Vietnam War (1959-1975). |
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-b.1945
-his most notable moment as an activist was his participation in demonstrations against The Dow Chemical Company on the University of Wisconsin–Madison campus in 1967
-leader of protest |
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-(1929–1967),
- • Lt. commander and battalion leader of the Black Lions in Vietnam
• Made decisions that led into the October ambush that resulted in the death of most of his battalion
o Was also killed in this ambush near Lei Khe |
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| -was a Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin in the fall of 1967 |
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-1909-2001
-the Chancellor of the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1967-1968. |
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| -a thickening/gelling agent generally mixed with gasoline or a similar fuel for use in military operations. The term napalm is a combination of the names of its derivatives |
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| -one of the herbicides and defoliants used by the U.S. military as part of its herbicidal warfare program, Operation Ranch Hand, during the Vietnam War from 1961 to 1971. |
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- city in Vietnam
-in the Vietnam War, Hai Phong was subjected to heavy bombing by US Navy and Air Force strike aircraft because it was North Vietnam's only major port |
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-Students for a Democratic Society
-a student activist movement in the United States that was one of the main iconic representations of the country's New Left. |
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| -In 1966 John McNaughton, Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, proposed the destruction of the Red River Valley dams and dikes in order to flood rice paddies, disrupt the North Vietnamese food supply, and leverage Hanoi during negotiations; then-Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, however, rejected the idea.[2] |
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-S. Vietnam Prison
-Like My Lai, the report of the prison caused great domestic disturbances
-During the Vietnam War, prisoners who had been held at the prison in the 1960s said they were abused and tortured. In July 1970, two U.S. Congressional representatives, Augustus Hawkins and William Anderson, visited the prison. They were accompanied by Tom Harkin (then an aide), translator Don Luce, and USAID Office of Public Safety director Frank Walton.
When the delegation arrived at the prison, they departed from the planned tour, guided by a map drawn by a former detainee. The map led to the door of a building, which was opened from the inside by a guard when he heard the people outside the door talking. Inside they found prisoners were being shackled within cramped “tiger cages”. Prisoners began crying out for water when the delegation walked in. They had sores and bruises, and some were mutilated. Harkin took photos of the scene. The photos were published in Life magazine on July 17, 1970. |
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| a series of diplomatic negotiations that in January 1973 made possible the return of 591 American prisoners of war held by North Vietnam |
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| -Nixons campaign to marshal public cupport for the prompt release of all prisoners of war. |
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1970
-The mission's objective was the recovery of 61 American prisoners of war thought to be held at the camp, situated in an area where 12,000 North Vietnamese troops were stationed within 5 miles (8.0 km).[6] The mission failed when it was found during the raid that all the prisoners had been previously moved to another camp. |
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| -Part of the "hanoi hilton" prison camp. |
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-1925-1998
-he leader of the Cambodian communist movement known as the Khmer Rouge[3] and was Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea from 1976–1979. Pol Pot's leadership, in which he attempted to "cleanse" the country, resulted in the deaths of an estimated 1.7–2.5 million people. |
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| -a number of sites in Cambodia where large numbers of people were killed and buried by the Khmer Rouge regime, during its rule of the country from 1975 to 1979, immediately after the end of the Vietnam War. |
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-the reluctance to use or even consider the use of military force
-the perceived impact of the domestic controversy over the Vietnam War on US foreign policy after the end of that war in 1975 |
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| - the official title given to the prison camps operated by the government of Vietnam following the end of the Vietnam War. In such "reeducation camps", the government imprisoned several hundred thousand former military officers and government workers from the former regime of South Vietnam. Reeducation as it was implemented in Vietnam was seen as both a means of revenge and a sophisticated technique of repression and indoctrination, which developed for several years in the North and was extended to the South following the 1975 North Vietnam takeover. |
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| the name given to the economic reforms initiated in Vietnam in 1986 with the goal of creating a "socialist-oriented market economy". As a result of Đổi mới privately-owned enterprises were permitted in commodity production (and later encouraged) by the Communist Party of Vietnam; furthermore, the push to collectivize the industrial and agricultural sectors of Vietnam, previously the focus of intense efforts by the Communist authorities, was abandoned. |
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-The Pol Pot takeover of Phnom Penh was rapidly followed by a series of drastic revolutionary policies vastly exceeding those of the French Reign of Terror and culminating in the Cambodian Genocide.
The idea behind Year Zero is that all culture and traditions within a society must be completely destroyed or discarded and a new revolutionary culture must replace it, starting from scratch. |
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| – When pursuing an exit strategy in Vietnam, both Kissinger and Nixon were extremely concerned with maintaining the American international standing (credibility). They cared more about the United States looking good at the end than the actual wellbeing of the Vietnamese people. |
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• Scandal that eventually led to Nixon’s resignation and immense distrust among the US public of the government
• Nixon linked to break-in at the DNC headquarters and was complicit in the cover-up
• Ford took over the presidency and pardoned Nixon, but ability to continue Vietnam policies was gone |
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