Term
| DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia |
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Definition
Disturbance lasts at least 6 months
Includes at least one month of active-phase symptoms involving 2 or more of the following: hallucinations, delusion, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms |
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Term
| 4 phases of Premorbid behavior |
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Definition
| First, second, third and fourth |
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Term
| First phase of premorbid behavior |
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Definition
Schizoid personality:
*Indifferent, cold, aloof, these people are LONERS, they do not enjoy closer relationships with others |
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Term
Second phase of premorbid behavior |
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Definition
Prodromal phase
The prodrome of the illness refers to certain signs and symptoms that precede the acute manifestations of the illness *socially withdrawn and show evidence of peculiar or eccentric behavior *neglect personal hygeine & grooming *blunted or inappropriate affect *disturbances in communication *bizarre ideas & lack of initiative |
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Term
Third phase of premorbid behavior |
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Definition
Schizophrenia
Active phase of the disorder. Psychotic symptoms are prominent.
-Delusions
-Hallucinations
-Impairment in work, social relations, and self care |
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Term
| Fourth phase of prodromal symptoms |
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Definition
Residual phase
-symptoms similar to those of the prodromal phase
-flat affect and impairment in role functioning are PROMINENT |
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Term
| What type of symptoms of schizophrenia respond BEST to neuroleptics? Examples? |
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Definition
| Positive symptoms. Ex: hallucinations, delusions, loose associations, disorganized behavior |
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Term
| Which type of symptoms are most destructive? What are some examples? |
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Definition
Negative symptoms.
Examples: restricted emotion, flat affect, anhedonia, avolition/apathy, alogia (poverty of speech), social withdrawal |
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Term
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Definition
Positive symptom
Fixed false beliefs that cannot be discounted by used of logic. |
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Term
| 4 common delusions in schizophrenia |
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Definition
| Delusions of persecution, delusions of external influence, somatic delusions, grandiose delusions |
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Term
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Definition
| appearance or functioning of one's own body is altered |
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Term
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Definition
believes thoughts or behaviors have control over situations or people.
example: mother who believed if she scolded her son in any way he could be taken away from her, "step on a crack and break your mother's back"
this kind of thinking is common in children |
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Term
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Definition
extreme suspicions
"I won't eat this food, I know it's poisoned" |
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Term
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Definition
Positive symptom
Lack of logical relationship between thoughts and ideas. When severe, speech may be incoherent.
ex: "we wanted to take the bus, but the airport took all the traffic. Driving is the ticket when you want to get somewhere. No one needs a ticket to heaven. We have it all in our pockets. |
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Term
| New words that are meaningless to others |
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Definition
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Term
| Literal interpretations of the environment. Represents regression. Abstract thinking is difficult. Ex: "it's raining cats and dogs." |
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Definition
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Term
| Choice of words governed by sounds: rhyming |
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Definition
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Term
| Group of words put together randomly without any logical connection |
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Definition
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Term
| "The Queen of England is a woman. I am a woman. Therefore, I am the Queen of England." |
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Definition
| Illogical/paralogical thinking |
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Term
| Delay in reaching a point of conversation due to extraneous details |
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Definition
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Term
| Senseless repetition of the words of another person |
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Definition
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Term
| Copying another person's BEHAVIOR or ACTIONS |
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Definition
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Term
| Inability to get to the point |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
False perception involving any of the 5 senses.
*What is the most common form? |
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Definition
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Term
| Misinterpretation of real environmental stimuli (ladder is seen as stairway to heaven) |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient states: you should have been here an hour ago! My hand got REALLY big, then REALLY small. Now it's normal again." |
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Definition
Depersonalization/derealization.
Feels self has been fundamentally changed or altered. |
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Term
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Definition
Negative symptom
Absence of emotional response: blunted or inappropriate. |
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Term
| Need-fear dilemma. Need for intimacy and fear of it. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Volition (avolition?)
NEGATIVE |
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Term
| Patient doesn't understand excessive closeness makes people uncomfortable OR may be seen as isolation, emotional detachment, lack of regard for social convention |
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Definition
Impaired interpersonal functioning and relationship to outside world.
NEGATIVE |
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Term
| Focus inward on fantasy world |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Passive yeilding of all movable parts of body to any effort made to placing them in certain positions (contortionist/frozen in time) |
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Definition
Waxy flexibility
POSITIVE |
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Term
| Decreased fluency and content of speech |
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Definition
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Term
| Anhedonia is what type of symptom: positive or negative |
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Definition
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Term
| Inability to trust, panic and anxiety, possibly hereditary or biochemical factors= what appropriate nursing dx |
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Definition
| Disturbed thought process |
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Term
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Definition
| Paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual |
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Term
Type of schizophrenia where behavior is less regressive w/less social impairment
Delusions of persecution or grandeur
Argumentative, hostile, aggressive
How is prognosis? |
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Definition
| Paranoid schizophrenia. Prognosis is better than other types |
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Term
| Essential features of disorganized schizophrenia |
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Definition
Disorganized speech and behaviors
Flat or inappropriate affect |
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Term
| Behaviors of disorganized schizophrenia |
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Definition
Regressive in nature
Odd mannerisms
Extreme social withdrawal
Facial grimaces common |
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Term
Regressive & primitive behavior
Silliness and incongruous giggling common
Occurs before age 25
Is usually chronic with flat affect or inappropriate affect
Poor reality contact - social interaction impaired |
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Definition
| Disorganized schizophrenia |
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Term
| This type of schizophrenia is marked by psychomotor disturbances: immobility, excessive activity, patient usually mute, waxy flexibility |
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Definition
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Term
| This patient may exhibit extreme psychomotor agitation, echolalia, echopraxia |
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Definition
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Term
| This patient exhibits inactivity, negativism, waxy flexibility |
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Definition
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Term
| Essential features of Undifferentiated schizophrenia |
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Definition
Delusions, hallucinations, incoherent speech, disorganized behavior
Classification is used when these are present and criteria for other types is not met |
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Term
When a person currently has no acute symptoms but has had one episode with prominent psychotic symptoms, they are diagnosed as ____?
(They may have negative symptoms, such as social isolation, withdrawal, or impared role function.) |
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Definition
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Term
| When schizophrenia is accompanied by mood disorders-- either manic or depressive |
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Definition
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Term
| following a severe stressor, a sudden onset of schizophrenic symptoms. Symptoms persist less than one month, then client returns to full premorbid level of functioning. |
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Definition
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Term
| Signs and symptoms of schizophrenia last at least one month, but less than the 6 months required for actual diagnosis of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| Schizophreniform disorder |
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Term
| Type of disorder where person believes someone is in love with them (celebrity stalkers may have this) |
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Definition
| Delusional disorder- erotomanic type |
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Term
| 4 delusional disorder types |
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Definition
| Grandiose, jealous, persecutory, somatic |
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Term
| Somatic type of delusional disorder |
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Definition
| Person believes they have a physical defect, disorder, or disease |
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Term
| 2nd person develops delusional symptoms as a result of a close relationship with a person who has a psychotic disorder |
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Definition
| Shared psychotic disorder |
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Term
| What is the MOST significant part of treating schizophrenia (what manages symptoms BEST) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some support services available for the schizophrenic patient? |
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Definition
| Financial assistance, legal assistance, caregiver support groups, respite care, home health care |
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Term
| *What is the first way of evaluating interventions provided for the hospitalized schizophrenic patient? |
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Definition
| Has client established trust with at least 1 staff member? |
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Term
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Definition
Assertive community treatment. Program of case-management, takes team approach.
Services are available 24/7/365 at any location where the person may be! |
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Term
| Risk of developing schizophrenia in an individual with an affected parent |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk of developing schizophrenia in an individual with two affected parents |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk of developing schizophrenia in an individual with an affected sibling |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk of developing schizophrenia in an individual with an affected fraternal twin |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk of developing schizophrenia in an individual with an affected identical twin |
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Definition
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Term
| A mother who has influenza during the ____ trimester is at greater risk for having a child with schizophrenia |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some other conditions that may increase likelihood of schizophrenia? |
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Definition
| Epiliepsy, Huntington's, Birth trauma, Head injusry, Alcohol abuse, cerebral tumor, CVAs, SLE (lupus), Myxedema (hypothyroidism), Parkinson's, Wilson's disease |
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Term
| Current theories about etiology of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| Based on biology and onset influenced by many factors |
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Term
| Brain abnormalities that may be found with schizophrenia (4) |
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Definition
| Enlarged ventricles, decreased blood flow (especially prefrontal cortex), decreased metabolic activity, cerebral atrophy |
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Term
| Positive symptoms of schizophrenia may have an excess of which neurotransmitter? |
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Definition
| Dopamine (Dopamine hypothesis) |
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Term
| How does homeostasis play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| Homeostasis between neurotransmitters maybe be more important than the amounts of specific neurotransmitters |
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Term
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Definition
| Clients with schizophrenia from families with high expressed emotion (HEE) have increased relapse rates. Families may be emotionally over-involved, hostile, critical |
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Term
| Link between sociocultural factors and schizophrenia |
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Definition
| Poverty linked with development of schizophrenia (Baird doesn't believe poverty LEADS to schizophrenia) |
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Term
| Downward drift hypothesis |
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Definition
| Poor social conditions are seen as a consequence, rather than a cause of the disease |
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Term
| *Prognosis for schizophrenia |
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Definition
Reported in the paradigm of thirds!
1/3 achieve significant, lasting improvement
1/3 achieve some improvement with relapses and residual disability
1/3 have severe and permanent incapacity |
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Term
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Definition
| Men have poorer outcomes than women |
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Term
| Without Drug compliance, __-__% will relapse over then next ___. |
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Definition
| 70-80% over the next year |
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Term
| Drugs taken continuously reduce the relapse rate to ____% |
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Definition
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Term
| Side effects of anti psychotics like thorazine |
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Definition
Anticholinergic effects, nausea, gi upset, photosensetivity, orthostatic hypotension, decreased libido, retrograde ejaculation, gynecomastia, amenorrhea, weight gain, tardive dyskinesia, reduction in seizure threshold, agranulocytosis (leucopenia)
*Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS/parkinson's side effects)
*Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| Alternative antipsychotic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| controls temper outbursts |
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