Term
| What are the DSM criteria for Schizophrenia? |
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Definition
| Characteristic symptoms (at least 2) for at least 1 month: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, negative symptoms AS WELL AS social/occupational dysfuction, where the prodrome/acute/residual symptoms last for more 6 months |
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Term
| What parts of the brain are affected? |
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Definition
pervasive disorder affecting limbic brain regions without gross alteration in brain structure.
Limbic areas of the brain include:
- cingulate gyrus,
- septal area,
- hippocampus/amygdala,
- orbitofrontal areas |
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Term
| What is the typical range of age of onset? |
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Definition
Onset: ages 15-35
There can be Childhood Onset and Late Onset Schizophrenia (paraphrenia) (usually found in women). The
- prodrome can be abrupt or insiduous onset which bring out
changes in socialization, motivation, thinking |
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Term
| What are THE POSITIVE SYMPTOMS? |
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Definition
Positive Symptoms
Delusions AND
Hallucinations |
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Term
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Definition
Positive Symptoms
Delusions=aberrant believes not sanctioned by social group or culture
persecution, religion, grandiosity, somatic
ideas of reference, thought insertion/broadcasting |
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Term
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Definition
Hallucinations (abnormal sensory experiences in the absence of stimuli)
auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory |
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Term
| What abnormal behavior is associated? |
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Definition
Abnormal Behavior:
stereotypical behavior;
bizarre behavior;
agitation |
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Term
| What is the associated thought disorder? |
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Definition
Thought Disorder:
ranges from vague circumstantial speech to neologisms, clanging, echolalia, incomprehensibility |
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Term
| Are negative symptoms or positive symptoms more common? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the negative symptoms? |
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Definition
Disturbed affect
and
Alogia (lack of speech) AS WELL AS:
Avolition-Apathy
Anhedonia-Asociality
Attention
(the 5 As) |
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Term
| What is disturbed affect? |
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Definition
Disturbed affect : in facial expression,
eye contact,
modulation of speech
, interpersonal connectedness |
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Term
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Definition
Alogia (lack of speech) : lack of content or volume,
long latency,
thought blockiing |
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Term
| What are the additional symptoms? |
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Definition
Mood disturbance :::
depression (30-60% 0f patients) suicide (10%)
mania (sporadic);
Cognitive dysfunction:::
temporal lobe functions (memory, language)
- frontal lobe functions (attention, mental flexibility) |
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Term
| What are the 3 most predicatable courses? |
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Definition
Course/Outcome with Treatment:
- complete, prolonged recovery of psychosis with minimal/ no negative sxs
- partial recovery of psychosis or recurrent psychotic episodes
- no significant recovery of psychosis |
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Term
| What are predictors for good outcome? |
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Definition
Prognosticators for good outcome:
- later and abrupt onset
- level of premorbid functioning
- prominent affective symptoms or disorganized behavior
- paucity of negative symptoms |
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Term
| What are 4 major types of schizophrenia? |
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Definition
Paranoid: prominent delusions or hallucinations
relative lack of disorganization, catatonia, flat affect;
Disorganized type: disorganized behavior and speech
flat or inappropriate affect;
Catatonic type: abnl motoric/posturing or speech (echolalia, -praxia);
Undifferentiated type does not meet criteria for other subtype |
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Term
| What are the goals of Tx? |
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Definition
management of acute symptoms, and
• relapse prevention |
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Term
| What are meds suppose to affect? |
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Definition
Antipsychotic Medications: affect dopaminergic transmission in pathways projecting from the brainstem to the frontal and temporal brain areas--
3 major pathways from brainstem to - basal ganglia
- temporal lobes
- frontal lobes |
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Term
| What are names of some typical antipsychotics? |
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Definition
| Typcal Antipsychotics: haloperidol, perphenazine, chlopromazine |
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Term
| What are some atypical antipsychotics? |
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Definition
Atypical Antipsychotics: clozapine, olanzapine risperidone, quetiapine,
ziprasidone, ariprazole |
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Term
| What is the purpose of antipsychotics? |
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Definition
| Effect: reduce positive symptoms within several days to months |
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Term
| What is the main difference btw atypical and typicals? |
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Definition
Difference between Typical and Atypicals
- effect on pathways
- improvement in depression
- improvement in negative symptoms
- side effects s. a. acute dystonia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), Parkinsonian symptoms, tardive dyskinesia |
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Term
| Are there any meds for negative symtoms? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the other types of therapy? |
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Definition
b. Supportive Psychotherapy
focus on coping with symptoms
social and occupational functioning
c. Cognitive Psychotherapy (recent application to schizophrenia)
identification of symptoms
cognitive redirection
d. Cognitive Remediation: to improve difficulties with memory& attention
based on remediation in traumatic brain injury
e. Family Education: supportive limit setting
referral to National Alliance for Mentally Ill (NAMI) |
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